IKolomna Kremlin itholakala esifundeni saseMoscow futhi iqoqo lezakhiwo lekhulu le-16. Iqukethe izindonga zokuzivikela ezinama-watchtowers nezakhiwo eziningana zomlando ezigcinwe kahle kuze kube namuhla.
Umlando weKolomna Kremlin
IMoscow Grand Duchy yafuna ukuqinisa imingcele yayo eseningizimu kumaCrimea amaTatar, yakha izinqaba zokuzivikela eTula, eRyazan naseSaraysk. Ithuba lafika eKolomna, elahlulwa yiCrimea Khan futhi lafuna ukuvikelwa. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalezi zinsimbi yashiswa nguMehmed I Giray. Inqaba yokhuni, ngesisekelo lapho itshe le-Kremlin lakhiwa khona, lashiya cishe lonke ulwazi ngalo.
Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1525 futhi kwathatha iminyaka eyisithupha ngoku-idiwa nguVasily III. Ekuqaleni bekunemibhoshongo engu-16 efakiwe kokuqhubekayo, kuze kufike kumamitha angama-21 ukuphakama, kuvale udonga. Insimu yeKolomna Kremlin ithathe amahektha angama-24, okwakungaphansi nje kancane kuneMoscow Kremlin (amahektha angama-27.5). Le nqaba itholakala osebeni oluphakeme loMfula iMoskva eduze nomlomo woMfula iKolomenka. Ukuzivikela okuhle nendawo enhle kwenza iKremlin ingangeneki. Lokhu kwacaca ekupheleni kuka-1606 ngesikhathi sokuvukela kwabantu abampofu kuka-Ivan Bolotnikov, owazama ngempumelelo ukuhlasela leli dolobha.
Ngekhulu le-17, lapho imingcele eseningizimu yeRussia yasebukhosini iqhubekela phambili eningizimu, ezokuvikela iKolomna Kremlin zalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwasekuqaleni. EKolomna, ukuhweba nobuciko kuthuthukisiwe, ngenkathi ukuqiniswa kwedolobha cishe kungasekelwa futhi kwabhujiswa ngokusobala. Izakhiwo eziningana zomphakathi zakhiwa ngaphakathi kodonga lwaseKremlin, kanye nasenqabeni yenqaba, ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izingxenye ezithile zodonga lwaseKremlin kwesinye isikhathi zazisuswa ukuthola izitini zokwakha. Kungo-1826 kuphela lapho kwakungavunyelwe ukuqaqa ifa lombuso libe yizingxenye ngesimemezelo sikaNicholas I. Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi iningi lezakhiwo lase libhujisiwe.
Ukwakhiwa kweKremlin eKolomna
Kukholakala ukuthi u-Aleviz Fryazin usebenze njengomakhi omkhulu weKremlin eKolomna, ngokuya ngesibonelo saseMoscow. Isakhiwo senkosi esivela e-Italy sinezici zokwakheka kwe-Italy ngeNkathi Ephakathi, izinhlobo zezinhlaka zokuzivikela ziyaziphinda izinqaba zaseMilan noma eTurin.
Udonga lwaseKremlin, olwafinyelela cishe amakhilomitha amabili esimweni salo sokuqala, lufinyelela kumamitha angama-21 ukuphakama futhi lufike kumamitha ayi-4.5 ubukhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izindonga azidalwanga nje ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni, kodwa futhi nangenhloso yokuzivikela kwenganono. Ukuphakama kwemilindo yokulondolozwa kusuka kumamitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-35. Emibhoshongweni eyishumi nesithupha, kusinde eyisikhombisa kuphela kuze kube namuhla. NjengeMoscow, umbhoshongo ngamunye unegama lomlando. Kunemibhoshongo emibili engxenyeni esentshonalanga elondoloziwe:
- Kubhekene;
- UMarinkina.
Eminye imibhoshongo emihlanu iseduze nengxenye eseningizimu yodonga lwaseKremlin:
ISango lePyatnitsky lingumnyango oyinhloko wezakhiwo zomlando. Umbhoshongo waqanjwa ngegama lokuhlonipha isonto laseParaskeva Pyatnitsa, elalimi eduze kwalo, labhujiswa ngekhulu le-18.
Ama-Cathedrals namasonto eKolomna Kremlin
Iqoqo lezakhiwo zesigodlo saseNovogolutvinsky sekhulu le-17 lihlanganisa izakhiwo zomhlaba zokuhlala zikambhishobhi wangaphambili kanye ne-neoclassical bell tower yango-1825. Manje sekuyizindela enezindela ezingaphezu kuka-80.
IDormition Cathedral yango-1379 icishe ifane nesonto lombhishobhi elinegama elifanayo eMoscow. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlotshaniswa nesinqumo seNkosana uDmitry Donskoy - ngemuva kokunqoba iGolden Horde, wakhipha umyalo wokuba kwakhiwe.
Umbhoshongo wensimbi we-Assumption Cathedral umi ngokwahlukana, udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezakhiwo zaseKremlin. Ekuqaleni, umbhoshongo wensimbi wawakhiwe ngamatshe, kodwa ngekhulu le-17 wawa futhi wabuye wakhiwa kabusha, kulokhu kwenziwa ngezitini. Ngo-1929, ngemuva komkhankaso wamaBolshevik, umbhoshongo wensimbi waseCathedral wachithwa, kwakhishwa yonke into eyigugu kwaphonswa izinsimbi phansi. Ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwenzeka ngo-1990.
I-Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God yakhiwa ngo-1776. Ngawo-1920, yonke imihlobiso yangaphakathi yacekelwa phansi, nebandla ngokwalo lavalwa. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela kabusha wenziwa ngo-1990, lapho idome yaphinde yadwetshwa futhi kwavuselelwa izahluko ezinhlanu.
Sincoma ukubheka iRostov Kremlin.
Isonto elidala kunazo zonke eKremlin yiSonto likaSt. Nicholas Gostiny, elakhiwa ngo-1501, eligcina iVangeli lika-1509.
ICathedral Square
NjengeKremlin yaseMoscow, iKolomna ineCathedral Square yayo, ubukhulu bayo obubumbene yi-Assumption Cathedral. Ukushiwo kokuqala kwesikwele kwaqala ngekhulu le-XIV, kepha yathola isimo sayo sanamuhla kuphela emakhulwini amane eminyaka kamuva, lapho idolobha lakhiwa kabusha ngokwe "plan ejwayelekile". Enyakatho yesikwele kunetshe lesikhumbuzo likaCyril noMethodius, elifakwe ngo-2007 - izibalo ezimbili zethusi ngemuva kwesiphambano.
Iminyuziyamu
Ingaphezulu kwe-15 iminyuziyamu namahholo okubukisa asebenza endaweni yaseKolomna Kremlin. Nakhu ukwazi kakhulu nezincazelo zabo:
Izindaba zenhlangano
Ungafika kanjani eKolomna Kremlin? Ungasebenzisa izithuthi zomuntu siqu noma zomphakathi, uya e-st. Lazhechnikova, 5. Idolobha lisendaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-120 ukusuka eMoscow, ngakho-ke ungakhetha indlela elandelayo: thatha umgwaqo omkhulu uye esiteshini saseKotelniki bese uhamba ngebhasi # 460. Uzokusa eKolomna, lapho ungacela khona umshayeli ukuthi ame "Esikweleni sezinguquko ezimbili". Lonke lolu hambo luzothatha cishe amahora amabili ukusuka enhlokodolobha.
Ungase futhi uthathe isitimela. Iya esiteshini sesitimela saseKazansky, lapho izitimela "iMoscow-Golutvin" zigijima njalo. Yehla esitobhini sokugcina bese udlulisela ebhasini lokuhamba ngesikebhe # 20 noma # 88, elizokuyisa lapho ubuka khona. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inketho yesibili izokuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa (amahora 2.5-3).
Insimu yeKremlin ivulekele wonke umuntu ubusuku nemini. Amahora okuvula embukiso wemnyuziyamu: 10: 00-10: 30, no-16: 30-18: 00 kusuka ngoLwesithathu kuya ngeSonto. Eminye iminyuziyamu itholakala kuphela ngokuqokwa.
Muva nje, ungajwayela iKolomna Kremlin kuma-scooter. Ukuqasha kuzobiza ama-ruble angama-200 ngehora kubantu abadala, nama-ruble ayi-150 ezinganeni. Ukuze uthole idiphozi yemoto, kuzofanele ushiye isamba semali noma ipasipoti.
Ukwenza ukuvakasha kokuheha okuyinhloko kweKolomna kufundise ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuqasha umhlahlandlela. Intengo yohambo olulodwa ngama-ruble ayi-1500, neqembu labantu abangu-11 ongagcina imali - kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-ruble angama-2500 kuphela kubo bonke. Ukuvakasha kweKolomna Kremlin kuhlala ihora nesigamu, izithombe zivunyelwe.
