Itshe lesikhumbuzo elenza umlando waseKazan laqala, ukukhanga okuyinhloko nenhliziyo yenhloko-dolobha yaseTatarstan, etshela izivakashi umlando wayo. Konke lokhu kuyiKazan Kremlin - inxanxathela enkulu ehlanganisa umlando namasiko abantu ababili abehlukene.
Umlando weKazan Kremlin
Isakhiwo somlando nesokwakha sakhiwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Izakhiwo zokuqala zenziwa ngekhulu le-12, lapho yaphenduka ibutho eliqaphile leVolga Bulgaria. Ngekhulu le-13, lapha kwahlala iGolden Horde, eyenza le ndawo yaba isihlalo sobukhosi bonke baseKazan.
U-Ivan the Terrible, kanye nebutho lakhe, bathatha uKazan, okwaholela ekutheni izakhiwo eziningi zonakaliswe, futhi amathempeli abhujiswa ngokuphelele. UGrozny ubizele abakhi bezakhiwo zakwaPskov kuleli dolobha, abafakazele ikhono labo eMoscow ngokuklama iCathedral yaseSt. Banikezwe umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa nokwakha iKremlin yamatshe amhlophe.
Ngekhulu le-17, impahla yezinqaba yashintshwa ngokuphelele - izinkuni zashintshwa ngamatshe. Kungakapheli iminyaka eyikhulu, i-Kremlin yayeka ukudlala indima yesikhungo sezempi yaphenduka isikhungo esikhulu sokuphatha esifundeni. Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka alandelayo, kule ndawo kwakhiwa izinhlaka ezintsha: i-Annunciation Cathedral yakhiwa kabusha, kwakhiwa isikole se-cadet, isigungu sombuso kanye nesigodlo sombusi.
Ukuguqulwa konyaka weshumi nesikhombisa kwaholela ekubhujisweni okusha, kulokhu kwakuyi-Spassky Monastery. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye, uMongameli waseTatarstan wenza iKremlin indawo yokuhlala yabongameli. Ngo-1995 kwaqalwa ukwakhiwa kwesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zamaSulumane eYurophu - iKul-Sharif.
Incazelo yezakhiwo eziyinhloko
I-Kazan Kremlin ilula ngamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150, futhi ubude bezindonga zayo bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili. Izindonga zingamamitha amathathu ububanzi namamitha ayisithupha ukuphakama. Isici esivelele senkimbinkimbi yinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezimpawu zama-Orthodox nezamaSulumane.
Isonto lombhishobhi iBlagoveshchensky yakhiwa ngekhulu le-16 futhi ekuqaleni yayincane kakhulu kunethempeli lamanje, ngoba yayivame ukunwetshwa. Ngo-1922, isonto lanyamalala kaningi esontweni: imifanekiso, imibhalo yesandla, izincwadi.
Isigodlo sikaMongameli eyakhiwe emashumini amane eminyaka yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngesitayela esibizwa nge-pseudo-Byzantine. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yenkimbinkimbi. Lapha ngekhulu le-13-14 kwakukhona isigodlo samaKazan khans.
Kul Sharif - i-mosque edume kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke eRiphabhulikhi, eyakhiwe ngokuhlonipha iminyaka eyizinkulungwane yaseKazan. Inhloso bekuwukuphinda kuqhamuke ukubukeka kwesonto lamaSulumane lasendulo, elalikhona emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. U-Kul-Sharif ubukeka emuhle kakhulu kusihlwa, lapho ukukhanya kukunikeza ukubukeka okuhle.
IKremlin nayo idume ngemibhoshongo yayo eyiqiniso. Ekuqaleni, babengu-13 kubo, kusinda kuphela eziyisishiyagalombili kuze kube sesikhathini sethu.Owadume kakhulu kubavakashi yiSpasskaya neTaynitskaya, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-16 futhi esebenza njengamasango. Ingxenye engaphambili ISpasskaya Tower iqondiswe emgwaqweni omkhulu walesi sakhiwo. Yashisa futhi yakha kabusha amahlandla amaningi, yakhiwa futhi yakhiwa kabusha yaze yathola ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje.
Umbhoshongo waseTaynitskaya inegama elinjalo ngenxa yobukhona bendima eyimfihlo eyaholela emthonjeni wamanzi futhi yaba wusizo ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa nobutha. Kwakungenxa yakhe ukuthi iRussia Tsar Ivan the Terrible yangena eKremlin ngemuva kokunqoba kwakhe.
Omunye umbhoshongo odumile, uSyuyumbike, udume ngokuqhathaniswa "nodadewabo" wase-Italiya - uMbhoshongo Oncike ePisa. Isizathu salokhu ukucwiliswa cishe kwamamitha amabili kusuka ku-eksisi enkulu, okwenzeke ngenxa yokuncipha kwesisekelo. Kunamahemuhemu okuthi umbhoshongo waklanywa ngabakhi abafanayo abakha iMoscow Kremlin, yingakho ufana nombhoshongo waseBorovitskaya. Yakhiwe ngezitini futhi inezitezi eziyisikhombisa futhi inamamitha angama-58 ubude. Kukhona isiko lokwenza isifiso ngokuthinta izindonga zalo.
Eduze ensimini ye-Kremlin kuyinto Mausoleum, lapho kungcwatshwa khona amaKazan khans amabili. Kwavulwa ngengozi ngesikhathi bezama ukuqhuba indle lapha. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, yambozwa nge-dome yengilazi ngaphezulu.
Isakhiwo se-Cannon yard - lena ngenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zokwenziwa nokulungiswa kwezibhamu zokudubula. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ukwehla ngo-1815, lapho kuqubuka umlilo, kwathi eminyakeni engama-35 kamuva isakhiwo saphela nya.
Isikole se-Junker Ingabe enye into ethakazelisayo yaseKremlin, eyasebenza nge-arsenal ngekhulu le-18, ngekhulu le-19 njengefektri yezinganono, futhi esikhathini sethu isebenza imibukiso. Kukhona igatsha leSt. Petersburg Hermitage negalari yeKhazine.
Inani ngu itshe lesikhumbuzo kumakhi wezakhiwo, etholakala epaki elizungezwe izimbali.
Iminyuziyamu yaseKazan Kremlin
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zomlando, endaweni yaseKazan Kremlin kuneminyuziyamu eminingi. Phakathi kwezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu yilezi:
Uhambo
Ukuvakashela eKazan Kremlin kuyithuba lokwazi umlando, amasiko namasiko ayo yonke iTatarstan. Inkimbinkimbi igcina amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo, izimfihlakalo nezimfihlo, ngakho-ke ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokuzixazulula futhi uthathe izithombe ezingakhohlwayo.
Imyuziyamu ngayinye etholakala kule nxanxathela inehhovisi layo lamathikithi. Ku-2018, kunethuba lokuthenga ithikithi elilodwa lama-ruble angama-700, azovula iminyango kuyo yonke iminyuziyamu-izinqolobane. Amanani amathikithi abafundi nabafundi aphansi.
Amahora okuvula abantu abahehayo ayahlukahluka ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Ungangena kule ndawo mahhala unyaka wonke ngeSpassky Gate. Ukuvakasha ngeTaynitskaya Tower kungenzeka kusuka ku-8: 00 kuye ku-18: 00 kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli, nokusuka ku-8: 00 kuye ku-22: 00 kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ukuthwebula izithombe namavidiyo akuvumelekile emasontweni aseKazan Kremlin.
Ungafika kanjani eKazan Kremlin?
Ukukhanga kutholakala osebeni lwesobunxele loMfula iKazanka, umfudlana weVolga. Ungathola ukugqama okuyinhloko kweKazan ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amabhasi (No. 6, 15, 29, 35, 37, 47) kanye nama-trolleybus (No. 1, 4, 10, 17 no-18) aya lapha, udinga ukwehla ezitobhini "Central Stadium", "Palace of Sports" noma "TSUM". Eduze neKazan Kremlin kukhona iKremlevskaya metro station, okukhona kuyo imizila evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zedolobha. Ikheli eliqondile lenkimbinkimbi yomlando eKazan yi-st. IKremlin, 2.
