IChichen Itza ingelinye lamadolobha ambalwa asendulo abuyiselwe ingxenye ngesikhathi sokumba. Itholakala eMexico eduze kwaseCancun. Phambilini, bekuyisikhungo sezepolitiki namasiko empucuko yamaMaya. Futhi yize namuhla insimu ishiywe ngabahlali, okukhangayo kuyigugu le-UNESCO, ngakho-ke izivakashi azizobona izakhiwo zasendulo hhayi esithombeni, kodwa ngamehlo azo.
Isifinyezo esingokomlando seChichen Itza
Kusukela emlandweni, wonke umuntu uyazi ngesizwe samaMaya, kepha ngesikhathi abaseSpain befika eNhlonhlweni Yucatan, kwakusele izindawo zokuhlala ezihlakazekile kuphela ezivela kubantu abaningi. Idolobha lasendulo iChichen Itza liyisiqinisekiso esingenakuphikwa sokuthi lapho impucuko yake yaba namandla amakhulu, futhi ulwazi eyayinalo lungase kusimangaze nanamuhla.
Isiqalo sokwakhiwa kwedolobha sihlehlela emuva ngekhulu lesi-6. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kungahlukaniswa cishe ngezikhathi ezimbili: amasiko amaMayan nawaseToltec. Izakhiwo zokuqala zavela emakhulwini we-6-7 eminyaka, izakhiwo ezalandela zakhiwa ngemuva kokubanjwa kwendawo ngamaToltecs ngekhulu le-10.
Ngo-1178, idolobha labhujiswa kancane ngemuva kokuhlasela kukaHunak Keel. Ngo-1194, isikhungo esasichuma phambilini sasicishe singabi nalutho. Yayisasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhambela, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izakhamizi azikaze zibuyele edolobheni zakhiwe ngendlela engajwayelekile nengqalasizinda ngaleso sikhathi. Ngekhulu le-16 leminyaka, lalivele lishiywe ngokuphelele, njengoba abanqobi baseSpain bathola amanxiwa kuphela.
Izikhangibavakashi zedolobha lasendulo
Lapho uvakashela iChichen Itza, kunzima ukuziba izakhiwo ezinkulu zedolobha, ezisamangaza nanamuhla ngezinga lazo. Ikhadi lokuvakasha yiThempeli laseKukulkan, iphiramidi elingamamitha angama-24 ukuphakama. AmaMaya akhonza izidalwa zikaNkulunkulu ngendlela yenyoka enezimpaphe, ngakho-ke bafihla isimangaliso esimangalisayo ekwakhiweni kwePiramidi yaseKukulkan.
Ezinsukwini zasekwindla nasentwasahlobo, imisebe yelanga iwela emithambekeni yesakhiwo ukuze yakhe izithunzi zonxantathu abalinganayo abayisikhombisa. Lezi zakhiwo zejometri zihlangana ziphelele futhi zenze inyoka ekhasa eceleni kwepiramidi, ngamamitha angama-37 ngosayizi. Umbukwane uhlala cishe amahora ama-3.5 futhi njalo ngonyaka uqoqa isixuku esikhulu esizungezile.
Futhi, phakathi nohambo, kufanele basho ngethempeli lamaWarriors nangethempeli lamaJaguar, elidwetshiwe ngemidwebo engajwayelekile. Ethempelini lamaWarriors, ungabona amanxiwa amakholomu ayinkulungwane, ngalinye linezithombe zamaqhawe aqoshwe kulo. Ngalezo zinsuku, isayensi yezinkanyezi yayibaluleke kakhulu kubakhileyo, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi kukhona indawo yokubuka izinto edolobheni lasendulo. Izitebhisi zinokuma okuvunguza, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sibizwa ngeKarakol, esihumusha ngokuthi “umnenke”.
Enye yezindawo ezidabukisayo edolobheni yi-Sacred Cenote, lapho kunomthombo onensalela yezilwane nabantu. Ngesikhathi seToltec, umhlatshelo wadlala indima enkulu enkolweni, kepha amathambo amaningi ezingane atholakele lapha. Ososayensi abakasitholi nhlobo umkhondo wokuthi kungani izingane bezidingeka kumasiko. Mhlawumbe le mfihlo izohlala ifihliwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zeChichen Itza.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
KumaMaya, isayensi yezinkanyezi yayibekwe ekhanda lakho konke, ama-nuances amaningi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ahlotshaniswa nenkambo yesikhathi nezici zekhalenda. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, iThempeli laseKukulkan liqukethe iziqu eziyisishiyagalolunye, ohlangothini ngalunye isitebhisi sihlukanisa iphiramidi ngesigamu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa ama-tiers ayi-18, inani elifanayo lezinyanga ekhalendeni leMayan. Isitebhisi ngasinye kulezi ezine sinezitebhisi ezingama-91 ncamashi, eziphelele ezinesisekelo esiphezulu ziyizingcezu ezingama-365, okuyinani lezinsuku ngonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu bendawo babekuthanda ukudlala i-pot-ta-pok ngebhola. Izinkundla zokudlala eziningana ziyakuqinisekisa lokhu. Umkhulu kunawo wonke ungamamitha angu-135 ubude namamitha angama-68 ububanzi. Kunamathempeli azungezile, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomhlaba. Imihlahlandlela imvamisa ikukhombisa ukuthi ungafika kanjani ezinkundleni zemidlalo futhi uchaze imithetho yomdlalo.
Kuzoba mnandi kuwe ukufunda ngomuzi waseMachu Picchu.
IChichen Itza ingamangaza kalula, ngoba idolobha lihlaba umxhwele ebangeni lalo. Kubukeka sengathi konke obekukuyo bekucatshangwe ngemininingwane emincane, yingakho kungacaci ukuthi izakhamizi ziyishiye ngaziphi izizathu. Imfihlakalo yomlando, mhlawumbe, iyohlala ingaxazululiwe kuze kube phakade, futhi lokhu kuthakazelisa kakhulu kubavakashi.
