IMikhailovsky Castle, noma i-Engineering Castle (ingabizwa kanjalo), ingesinye sezakhiwo zomlando ezihlaba umxhwele futhi ezingavamile eSt. Eyakhelwe yisimemezelo soMbusi uPaul I, esakhiwe ngothando nangokucophelela njengesidleke sokhokho besikhathi esizayo sobukhosi obunamandla futhi sisebenza njengesigodlo sobukhosi isikhashana, iMikhailovsky Castle, umnyuziyamu oyisipoki nesikhumbuzo, imi enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho. Ibheke eNsimini Yasehlobo naseNkambu YaseMars futhi isekude ngezinyawo ukusuka e-Arts Square naseNevsky Prospect.
Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi iphrojekthi yenqaba yadalwa yi-V.Bazhenov, umakhi onethalente, ecabanga ngomqondo wesinye sezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke eSt. Kodwa-ke, izazi-mlando zobuciko zaseNtshonalanga ziphikisa ngokuthi umbono wesibindi wokwakha ungowaseVitalenzo Brenna yase-Italiya, umdali wezigodlo zobuciko zasePavlovsk. Emva kwakho konke, uBrenna wakha isigodlo saseMikhailovsky.
Lesi sakhiwo esinamandla sehluke kakhulu. Isitayela sakhe - i-classicism yothando - ibolekwe ekwakhiweni kwe-Western Enlightenment. Ekuqaleni, isitayela sothando sasibizwa ngesitayela esiphikisayo se-classicism - esibucayi, esinengqondo, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. ngokungafani nokuzikhohlisa "nobuhle" bezinye izitayela, njengeRococo. I-Romanticism, efakwe ku-classicism, idale imisebenzi yokwakha engakwazi ukukopishwa, okungaba nzima ukusho okungaphezulu kwayo - ubulula nesizotha noma ubuhle nobuhle.
Ngokwenganekwane, le nqaba ithole umbala wayo ohlukile, ompofu, obomvu ngokuphaphathekile ngombala opinki, ukuhlonipha amagilavu agqokwe nguLopukhina, intandokazi kaPaul I, owathuthela enqabeni naye. Kukhona enye inguquko, enuka inganekwane, ngenye intandokazi, enamehlo ampunga futhi enezinwele ezibomvu, okusolwa ukuthi umbusi wakhuluma ngothando ngaye wathi: "Intuthu nomlilo!" Ukuqedela okusampunga kwenqaba kwasusa kahle umbala obucayi wezindonga zawo eziyinqaba.
Ingaphandle nomhlobiso ongaphambili lweMikhailovsky Castle
- Kuphakathi inqaba, noma inqaba.
- Ukuqedela umzimba.
- Ubuso bengquqaba.
- Izengezo ku-facade eseningizimu: itshe lesikhumbuzo lamahhashi uPeter Omkhulu neMephu Alley.
Ngokubukeka, inqaba yaseMikhailovsky ibukeka njengesakhiwo esivaliwe esinegceke elikhulu lesikwele, kusukela ekubukeni kweso lenyoni elifana nenqaba eyinqaba. UPaul ngangisaba uzungu lwasenkantolo (kokunye agcina ngokushona ngalo) futhi ngandlela-thile noma engazi wayefuna ukufihla, ukucasha enqabeni ethembekile. Ukwesaba okungaphenduleki, okuqiniswe ukubikezela okudabukisayo (kungaba yisithunzi sikaPeter Omkhulu kwavela kuye, noma owesifazane ongumGypsy), kwamphoqa ukuba ashiye i-Winter Palace ayozinza endaweni yokuhlala entsha, eyakhiwe endaweni ye-Summer Palace ye-Empress Elizabeth. I-Emperor Paul yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa eSigodlweni sasehlobo.
Umhlobiso wenqaba wenziwa ngabadwebi bezinto ezivelele bangaleso sikhathi - uThibault noP P. Stagi, abaculi - u-A.Vigi no-DB Scotti nabanye. Izinto ezibizayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ama-facade zinikeze lesi sakhiwo isizotha. Imabula esetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwalungiselelwa iSthedral Cathedral yaseSt.
Ama-facade e-Mikhailovsky Castle awafani. Ingaphambili elingasempumalanga, elibonakala emaphethelweni eFontanka, libhekwa njengesizotha kakhulu, kanti elaseningizimu yilo elihlonipheke kakhulu.
Ingaphambili elingasenyakatho, noma ingxenye eyinhloko, ephambili yale nqaba ibheka i-Summer Garden ne-Field of Mars. Echibini leNgadi Yasehlobo, lapho isimo sezulu sizolile, ungabona ukubonakaliswa kwezitezi ezingenhla nezakhiwo ezinkulu zenqaba. I-façade esenyakatho yamukela izivakashi endaweni evulekile enezinsika zemabula.
Engxenyeni emaphakathi yesonto elingasentshonalanga yeMikhailovsky castle, elibheke eSadovaya Street, kukhona idome eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enomoya ovulekile wesonto, lapho kwakufanele kwenziwe khona imithandazo yomndeni wasebukhosini. Ithempeli lakhiwa ngokuhlonipha iNgelosi eyinhloko uMikayeli, owanika le nqaba igama layo.
Lesi sakhiwo sibhekene nomfula i-Fontanka nohlangothi lwaso olungasempumalanga. Ku-façade kunonqenqema oluphakathi nendawo futhi olubhekene ngqo nonqenqema olufanayo ohlangothini olusentshonalanga (lapho kunesonto khona). Leli yi-Oval Hall, okwakungelamagumbi ombuso wobukhosi. Njengesonto, umngcele unqotshwa nge-turret kanye ne-spire yokulinganisa.
Ucezu olungaseningizimu lumbozwe ngemabula futhi luqukethe umpheme ophangiwe, ogqama ngemuva kwesigodlo esikhulu njengemininingwane engajwayelekile, nengalindelekile. Ama-Obelisk anezembatho zempi zeNkathi Ephakathi agcwalisa isithombe sobukhulu.
Ingaphambili elingaseningizimu nalo lidumile futhi liyaphawuleka ngeqiniso lokuthi kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo likaPeter I. Kwakuyisikhumbuzo sokuqala eSt. Petersburg naseRussia ukuveza umbusi wezinguquko wamahhashi. Imodeli yakhe yokuhola yenziwa nguBK Rastrelli omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaPeter the Great, ngo-1719 - ekuqaleni kwawo-1720s. Ngemuva kwalokho, eminyakeni engamashumi amane kamuva, itshe lesikhumbuzo laphonswa ngethusi, kepha ngemuva kwalokho kwadingeka alinde eminye iminyaka engamashumi amane ukuze ekugcineni abuse esisekelweni. Isisekelo sihlotshiswe ngemabula ye-Olonets (singatholakala enqabeni uqobo lwaso). Izithombe ezibonisa ukuthanda izwe ezibonisa iMpi yasePoltava nempi edume kakhulu eCape Gangut ziyayihlobisa.
I-Maple Avenue evulekile futhi ende iholela engxenyeni eseningizimu. Noma nini lapho kufika ikwindla eSt. Petersburg, amaqabunga e-maple, abomvu, njengombala wezindonga, agcizelela ubuhle obuqinile besigodlo. Ngakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele komgwaqo kunamaphaneli akhiwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1700 - 1800. Abadali babo bangumakhi wezakhiwo uV.Bazhenov nomqophi uF. G. Gordeev.
Inqaba yaseMikhailovsky: ukubuka kwangaphakathi
- Ingaphakathi lenqaba labathandi bamahlumela wesithombe.
- Ubumanzi nokunethezeka.
- Igalari kaRaphael.
- Igumbi lobukhosi.
- Ihholo le-Oval.
Ngaphakathi enqabeni kunemabula eningi, kufaka phakathi enemibala eminingi. Izithombe ezibonisa uHercules noFlora zifriziwe ezinyaweni zazo, zigada izitebhisi ezinkulu kusukela ekungeneni enyakatho. Uphahla lwamagumbi ludwetshwe ngokumangazayo.
Noma ngubani angavakashela iMikhailovsky Castle futhi athathe izithombe ezingakhohlwayo ngaphakathi. Phambilini, ukudubula kwakukhokhelwa kuphela, kepha ngo-2016 wonke umuntu wayevunyelwe ukuthatha izithombe, noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwe-flash. Kodwa-ke, izivakashi ziyaqaphela ukuthi ukukhanya enqabeni kufiphele, imidwebo namakhandlela kuyakhazimula, okwenza kube nzima ukuthwebula.
Lapho ehamba, umbusi wayephuthuma kangangokuba akazange alinde ukuqedwa komsebenzi. Abantu bangezikhathi ezithile baphawula ukuthi inqaba enezindonga ezimanzi nezintwala zokhuni ezikhasa phakathi kwemidwebo ebabazekayo iyonakalisa impilo. Kepha uPaul angimiswanga ubumanzi, wavele wayala ukuthi afake amakamelo omndeni wakhe ngasese ngesihlahla. UPaul I wazama ukunxephezela ngobuningi bendawo yokuhlala engenabukhosi ngokunethezeka kwangaphakathi.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu ezintweni zangaphakathi yiTrone, Oval kanye namaHholo eSonto, agcine eminye yemihlobiso yasekuqaleni, kanye neRaphael Gallery. IRaphael Gallery iqanjwe kanjalo ngoba yayijwayele ukulengiswa ngophephethi lapho kwakukopishelwa khona imisebenzi yomculi omkhulu. Manje usungabona amakhophi wemidwebo ngamanye amakhosi avelele e-Renaissance lapho.
Izindonga zeGumbi Lesihlalo Sobukhosi, ezazizungeze ukuma, phambilini zazifakwe i-velvet eluhlaza, futhi isihlalo sobukhosi sasibomvu klebhu. Ababusi baseRoma ngendlela yamabhasi efakwe ngaphezu kweminyango ezikhungweni ezikhethekile eziqapha umnyango. Kusukela ekwakheni, ukunethezeka, ifenisha yamapulangwe ayigugu nokunye okujabulisayo, kukhona okusindile kuze kube yilolu suku.
Ihholo le-oval lihlotshiswe ngesizotha nangobukhazikhazi: ama-bas-reliefs, izithombe ezibunjiwe ngesitayela sase-Italy zisekhona kuze kube namuhla. K. Albani wayesebenza ngaphakathi ngezikhathi zePavlovian. Onkulunkulu abaphuma e-Olympus bahlobisa ithafa elakhiwe ngu-A.Vigi. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinto ezisindisiwe ezasinda: ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kabusha ngemuva kokuzinza enqabeni yesikole sobunjiniyela, kwakudingeka kususwe okuthile.
Interiors of the Mikhailovsky Castle kukhona zikanokusho zikanokusho. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokubulawa kombusi, ingcebo yakhe eyinhloko - imidwebo, izithombe ezibaziweyo neminye imisebenzi yobuciko - yathunyelwa kwezinye izigodlo: Ubusika, iTauride, iMarble. Umndeni kaPaul I waphinde washiya isigodlo unomphela, wabuyela emkhandlwini wangaphambili - i-Winter Palace.
Izinganekwane nezithunzi zenqaba
- Usizi nesigodlo sokugumbuqela umbuso.
- Isipoki seMikhailovsky Castle.
- Umlando oqhubekayo we-Engineering Castle.
IMikhailovsky castle inomlando wayo omangazayo futhi odabukisayo, uhlanganiswe eduze nomlando wempilo nokufa komdali wayo obekade ethweswe imiqhele. Ngo-1801, ngo-Mashi 11, uMbusi uPaul I wabulawa ngobuqili eMikhailovsky Castle, lapho umsebenzi wokuqedela wawusaqhubeka khona.
Ukuvukelwa kombuso esigodlweni, obekubandakanya ukubulala ngesihluku, kubangelwe ukunganeliseki kwamaqembu aphikisayo ngezinguquko kwezomnotho zombusi, ukuphathwa komphakathi, okwabangelwa uPaul I, ukungahambisani kukahulumeni, ukuguqulwa kwamabhalekisi embutho wezempi nezinye izinqumo zokuphatha. Ubumbano noNapoleon, olwaqedwa nguPaul I ngo-1800, lwadala usongo eRussia luvela eNgilandi. Mhlawumbe umbusi wayengenaphutha kangako: impi neFrance, lapho iRussia yayingenakho ukungaboni ngaso linye okuphawulekayo ngaphambi noma ngemuva, kamuva yakukhombisa lokhu, kodwa-ke abaphikisi - abasekeli bakamama ongasekho we-Emperor Catherine the Great - bacabanga ngokuhlukile.
U-Emperor wavuswa phakathi kwamabili, wafuna isihlalo sobukhosi, kwathi ekuphenduleni ukwenqwa waklinywa ngesikhafu. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amane nesithupha ubudala. Ubude bokuhlala kukaPaul I eMikhailovsky castle kwaba yimfihlakalo: izinsuku ezingamashumi amane kuphela, kusuka ngoFebhuwari 1 kuya kuMashi 11.
Ukungagculiseki ngombusi kwaveza inhlekelele, okuyisimo sayo esingabanjwa e-aura emnyama nenesigodlo yenqaba, lapho imnyuziyamu ikhona manje. Kubonakala sengathi ngaphansi kwamakhothamo ayo imfihlakalo ethile isaphila kuze kube yilolu suku, okungathinta umzuzwana kuphela yilabo abeza ohambweni. Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi uPaul I umi efasiteleni lekamelo lakhe njalo ngosuku lokukhumbula ukufa kwakhe, ubala abantu abadlulayo futhi, uma ebala amashumi amane nesikhombisa, uyahamba, uhamba nendoda eyishwa. Umbusi, osephenduke isipoki, uzulazula emaphaseji esigodlo sakhe ebusuku, wethusa abalindi basebusuku ngama-creaks nangompompi, futhi isithunzi sakhe esisodongeni sibonakala kahle ebusuku.
Le mibono engachazeki yaletha amakhomishini ezenzakalweni ezimbi eMikhailovsky Castle. Futhi amalungu amakhomishini, kufaka phakathi abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, aqaphele ukuthi cishe izenzakalo eziyishumi nambili zaqoshwa esigodlweni esasingenayo incazelo ngokombono wesayensi.
Ngawo-1820s, isigodlo sasebukhosini esifushane sadluliselwa eNikolaev Engineering School saqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yi-Engineering Castle.
Isikole sobunjiniyela siphothule amadodana amaningi akhazimulayo e-Fatherland, azibonakalise njengonjiniyela abafanelekile. Ngakho-ke, omunye wabafundi kwakunguFM Dostoevsky. Eminyakeni yangaphambi kwezinguquko, iqhawe laseSoviet Union D. Karbyshev waphumelela esikoleni, owaba ngumphathi-jikelele wamabutho wobunjiniyela.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, isibhedlela sasisebenza eMikhailovsky castle, futhi itshe lesikhumbuzo likaPeter I langcwatshwa emhlabathini ukuze lisivikele ekushayeni.
Sincoma ukubona iTrakai Castle.
Izivakashi zizotshelwa ngakho konke lokhu ngesikhathi sohambo lapho zifika eMikhailovsky Castle.
Ungafika kanjani emnyuziyamu wenqaba nokuthi uzoyivakashela nini
- Indawo yomnyuziyamu.
- Ukusebenza kweviki.
- Izindleko zokuvakashela izigaba ezahlukahlukene zezakhamizi.
- Imibukiso kanye nokuvezwa ngaphezu kohlelo olukhulu.
Ikheli elisemthethweni uSadovaya Street, 2. Akunzima ukufika lapho. Kufanele ufike esiteshini semetro "iNevsky Prospekt" noma i- "Gostiny Dvor" (esiteshini esifanayo, ulayini ohlukile kuphela) bese uhamba imizuzu eyishumi ku-Sadovaya Street, ubheke e-Field of Mars.
Amahora okuvula omnyuziyamu ayafana kuzo zonke izinsuku zesonto, ngaphandle koLwesibili - okuwukuphela kosuku lokuphumula - nangoLwesine. NgoLwesine, umnyuziyamu uvulekele izivakashi kusuka ku-1 ntambama bese uvalwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kunokujwayelekile ngo-9 ebusuku. Amahora okuvula ngezinye izinsuku kusuka ngehora leshumi ekuseni kuya kwelesithupha kusihlwa.
Ngezindleko, ukuvakashela imnyuziyamu kutholakala cishe kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngo-2017, inani lamathikithi ezigaba ezahlukahlukene zezivakashi labekwa kanjena. Abantu abadala baseRussia nabaseBelarus bakhokha ama-ruble angamakhulu amabili, abafundi nabahola impesheni bakhokha ikhulu, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nesithupha zikhululekile. Intengo yabantu abadala bakwamanye amazwe ingama-ruble angamakhulu amathathu, kubafundi bamanye amazwe ikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu, izingane - mahhala.
Ngaphandle kokuhambela okuyinhloko, imibukiso ye-Russian Museum igcinwa ngezikhathi ezithile enqabeni. Isheduli yabo incike esimisweni semibukiso ephethwe yiRussia Museum.
UMnyuziyamu waseRussia useduze, maphakathi ne-Arts Square, phakathi komgwaqo uRakova no-Inzhenernaya, esigodlweni saseMikhailovsky. Ngisho noPeterburgers bavame ukudida isigodlo saseMikhailovsky kanye neMighailovsky Castle. Ngeshwa, ukuvota okwenziwe izazi-mlando zendawo kukhombisa ukuthi izakhamizi eziningi zithatha izikhumbuzo ezimbili zamasiko nezakhiwo njengesinye!
Kukhona nemibukiso ehlala njalo enqabeni. Kuphakathi kokuthi zihlobene nomlando weSigodlo saseMikhailovsky, noma ukwethula izivakashi ekuthambekeleni kobuciko kwe-Antiquity ne-Renaissance, benanela ubuciko bokuqala baseRussia.
