Ingqungquthela yaseTehran

Ingqungquthela yaseTehran - ingqungquthela yokuqala yabakhulu abathathu eminyakeni yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba (1939-1945) - abaholi be-3 bathi: Joseph Stalin (USSR), uFranklin Delano Roosevelt (USA) noWinston Churchill (Great Britain), owawuseTehran kusukela ngoNovemba 28 kuya kuNovemba Disemba 1, 1943

Encwadini eyimfihlo yezinhloko zamazwe ama-3, kwasetshenziswa igama lekhodi yenkomfa - "u-Eureka".

Izinhloso zengqungquthela

Ekupheleni kuka-1943, ukuguquka kwempi evuna ubumbano olwa noHitler kwaba sobala kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, ingqungquthela yayidingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe isu elisebenzayo lokucekelwa phansi koMbuso Wesithathu nababambisene nawo. Kuyo, kwenziwa izinqumo ezibalulekile maqondana nempi nokusungulwa kokuthula:

Ababambisene nabo bavula ingaphambili lesibili eFrance;
Ukuphakamisa isihloko sokunikeza inkululeko e-Iran;
Ukuqala kokucatshangelwa kombuzo wasePoland;
Ukuqala kwempi phakathi kwe-USSR neJapan kwavunyelwana ngayo ngemuva kokuwa kweJalimane;
Imingcele ye-post-war world oda ichaziwe;
Ubunye bemibono bufinyelelwe maqondana nokusungulwa kokuthula nokuvikeleka kuyo yonke iplanethi.

Ukuvulwa kwe- "phambili lesibili"

Inkinga enkulu kwaba ukuvulwa kwesikhundla sesibili eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Uhlangothi ngalunye luzamile ukuthola izinzuzo zalo, lukhuthaza futhi luphoqelela imigomo yalo. Lokhu kuholele ezingxoxweni ezinde ezingaphumelelanga.

Ebona ukungabi nathemba kwesimo komunye wemihlangano ejwayelekile, uStalin wasukuma esihlalweni sakhe, wabhekisa kuVoroshilov naseMolotov, ngolaka wathi: “Sinezinto eziningi kakhulu okumele sizenze ekhaya ukuchitha isikhathi lapha. Akukho okuhle, njengoba ngibona, kuvela. Kube nomzuzu oshubile.

Ngenxa yalokhu, uChurchill, engafuni ukuphazamisa ingqungquthela, wavuma ukuvumelana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi engqungqutheleni yaseTehran izingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene nezinkinga zangemva kwempi zacatshangelwa.

Umbuzo waseJalimane

I-USA ifuna ukuhlukaniswa kweJalimane, ngenkathi i-USSR iphikelela ekugcineni ubumbano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iBrithani yacela ukuthi kusungulwe iDanube Federation, lapho kwakuzoba khona ezinye izindawo zaseJalimane.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abaholi bamazwe amathathu abakwazanga ukufika embonweni ofanayo ngalolu daba. Kamuva lesi sihloko saphakanyiswa kuKhomishini yaseLondon, lapho kwabamelelwa khona izwe ngalinye kulawa ma-3.

Umbuzo wasePoland

Izimangalo zasePoland ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yeBelarus nase-Ukraine zanelisekile ngokulimaza iJalimane. Njengomngcele osempumalanga, kwaphakanyiswa ukudweba umugqa onemibandela - ulayini weCurzon. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iSoviet Union yathola umhlaba enyakatho ne-East Prussia, kubandakanya iKonigsberg (manje eyiKaliningrad), njengesibambiso.

Isakhiwo somhlaba sangemva kwempi

Enye yezinkinga ezibalulekile engqungqutheleni yaseTehran, maqondana nokwabiwa komhlaba, yayithinta izifundazwe zaseBaltic. UStalin wagcizelela ukuthi iLithuania, iLatvia ne-Estonia babe yingxenye ye-USSR.

Ngasikhathi sinye, uRoosevelt noChurchill banxenxa ukuthi inqubo yokungena esikhundleni iqhutshwe ngokuya nge-plebiscite (inhlolovo).

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isikhundla sokungenzi lutho samakhanda ase-United States naseGreat Britain empeleni sigunyaze ukungena kwamazwe aseBaltic e-USSR. Okusho ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abazanga ukuthi lokhu kungena, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakuphikisanga lokho.

Izinkinga zokuphepha emhlabeni ngemuva kwempi

Ngenxa yezingxoxo ezakhayo phakathi kwabaholi bamaBig Three mayelana nezokuphepha emhlabeni wonke, i-United States yathumela isiphakamiso sokwakha inhlangano yamazwe omhlaba ngokuya ngemigomo yeNhlangano Yezizwe.

Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yezintshisekelo zale nhlangano bekungafanele ifake izingqinamba zezempi. Ngakho-ke, yehlukile kwi-League of Nations eyandulelayo futhi kwakudingeka ibe nezindikimba ezi-3:

Umgwamanda ofanayo oqukethe wonke amalungu eNhlangano yeziZwe, ozokwenza izincomo kuphela bese ubamba imihlangano ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene lapho izwe ngalinye lingabeka umbono walo.
IKomidi eliPhethe limelwe yi-USSR, i-USA, iBrithani, iChina, amazwe ama-2 aseYurophu, izwe elilodwa laseLatin America, izwe elilodwa laseMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nelinye lamakhosi aseBrithani. Ikomidi elinjalo kuzofanele libhekane nezinkinga ezingezona ezempi.
Ikomidi lamaphoyisa ebusweni be-USSR, i-USA, iBrithani neChina, okuzofanele liqaphe ukulondolozwa kokuthula, livimbele ubudlova obusha obuvela eJalimane naseJapan.

UStalin noChurchill babe nemibono yabo ngalolu daba. Umholi waseSoviet wayekholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukwakha izinhlangano ezi-2 (eyodwa ngeyaseYurophu, enye eyeMpumalanga Ekude noma umhlaba).

UNdunankulu waseBrithani naye wayefuna ukudala izinhlangano ezi-3 - iYurophu, iMpumalanga Ekude neMelika. Kamuva, uStalin wayengaphikisani nokuba khona kwenhlangano yomhlaba kuphela eqapha ukuhleleka emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, engqungqutheleni yaseTehran, omongameli bahluleka ukufinyelela kunoma yikuphi ukuvumelana.

Umzamo wokubulawa kwabaholi "abakhulu abathathu"

Njengoba sezifundile ngenkomfa ezayo yaseTehran, ubuholi baseJalimane buhlele ukuqeda ababambiqhaza bayo abakhulu. Lo msebenzi wabizwa ngegama "Jump Long".

Umbhali wayo kwakungu-saboteur odumile u-Otto Skorzeny, owake wakhulula uMussolini ekuthunjweni, futhi wenza neminye imisebenzi eminingi eyimpumelelo. USkorzeny kamuva uyavuma ukuthi nguyena owayephathiswe ukuqeda uStalin, uChurchill noRoosevelt.

Ngenxa yezenzo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zezikhulu zezobunhloli zaseSoviet naseBrithani, abaholi bomfelandawonye olwa noHitler bakwazile ukuthola ngomzamo olandelayo wokubulawa kwabo.

Konke ukuxhumana kwezomsakazo kwamaNazi kwachithwa. Lapho bezwa ngokwehluleka, amaJalimane aphoqeleka ukuthi avume ukwehlulwa.

Kwadutshulwa ama-documentary amaningana namafilimu ngalo mzamo wokubulala, kufaka phakathi ifilimu ethi "Tehran-43". U-Alain Delon wadlala indima enkulu kule tepi.