I-Pol Pot (mfushane igama lesiFulentshi USalot Sar; 1925-1998) - Usopolitiki waseCambodia nosopolitiki, uNobhala Jikelele weCentral Committee yeCommunist Party yaseKampuchea, uNdunankulu waseKampuchea kanye nomholi wenhlangano iKhmer Rouge.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaPol Pot, okuhambisana nokucindezelwa okukhulu, ekuhlushweni nasekulambeni, kwafa abantu abayisigidi esisodwa kuya kwezi-3.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPol Pot, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaSalot Sarah.
Umlando we-Pol Pot
UPol Pot (Salot Sar) wazalwa ngoMeyi 19, 1925 edolobhaneni laseCambodian lasePexbauv. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wabalimi baseKhmer uPeka Salota noSok Nem. Wayengowesishiyagalombili ezinganeni ze-9 zabazali bakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UPol Pot kusukela esemncane waqala ukuthola imfundo esezingeni eliphakeme. Umfowabo, uLot Swong, nodadewabo, uSalot Roeng, balethwe eduze kwenkantolo yasebukhosini. Ikakhulu, uRoeng wayeyisancinza senkosi uMonivong.
Lapho umashiqela wesikhathi esizayo eseneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, wathunyelwa ePhnom Penh ukuyohlala nezihlobo. Isikhathi esithile wakhonza ethempelini lamaBuddha. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wafunda ulimi lwesiKhmer nezimfundiso zobuBuddha.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uPol Pot waba umfundi wesikole samaKatolika, esasifundisa imikhakha yendabuko. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikhungweni semfundo ngo-1942, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe ekolishi, esekwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokwenza ikhabethe.
Khona-ke le nsizwa yafunda eTechnical School ePhnom Penh. Ngo-1949 wathola umfundaze kahulumeni wokuqhuba imfundo ephakeme eFrance. Lapho efika eParis, wacwaninga i-elekthronikhi yomsakazo, wahlangana nabantu abaningi bakubo.
Ngokushesha uPol Pot wajoyina inhlangano kaMarxist, exoxa nabo ngomsebenzi obalulekile kaKarl Marx "Capital", kanye neminye imisebenzi yombhali. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wayethathekile yipolitiki kangangokuba waqala ukunikela ngesikhathi esincane ekufundeni eyunivesithi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1952 waxoshwa eyunivesithi.
Le nsizwa yabuyela ekhaya isivele ingumuntu ohlukile, igcwele imibono yobukhomanisi. EPhnom Penh, wajoyina iqembu lePeople's Revolutionary Party laseCambodia, ehlanganyela emisebenzini yenkulumo-ze.
Ezombusazwe
Ngo-1963 uPol Pot waqokwa njengoNobhala-Jikelele weqembu laseKampuchea lamaKhomanisi. Waba ngumholi we-Khmer Rouge, ababengabavukeli abahlomile abalwa nebutho lasebukhosini.
IKhmer Rouge yinhlangano yamakhomanisi yezolimo esuselwa emibonweni yeMaoism, kanye nokwenqatshwa kwayo yonke into yaseNtshonalanga neyesimanje. Amayunithi ababhikishi ayenabantu abanochuku, abafundile kahle baseCambodia (ikakhulukazi intsha).
Ngama-70s okuqala, iKhmer Rouge yadlula ibutho lenhlokodolobha. Ngalesi sizathu, abalandeli bakaPol Pot banqume ukuthatha amandla edolobheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, la mabutho asebenzelana ngesihluku nezakhamizi zasePhnom Penh.
Ngemuva kwalokho, umholi wamavukelambuso wamemezela ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, abalimi bazothathwa njengezinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, bonke abamele izazi, kubandakanya othisha nodokotela, bekufanele babulawe futhi baxoshwe ezweni.
Eqamba izwe waba yiKampuchea futhi ethatha isifundo ngokuthuthuka kwemisebenzi yezolimo, uhulumeni omusha waqala ukusebenzisa imibono ngokoqobo. Ngokushesha uPol Pot wayala ukuba ayikhiphe imali. Wayala ukuba kwakhiwe amakamu okusetshenzwa kanzima ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi.
Abantu kwakudingeka benze umsebenzi onzima kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, bathola inkomishi eyodwa yelayisi ngalokhu. Labo abaphula umbuso omisiwe ngandlela-thile babenikezwa isijeziso esinzima noma ukubulawa.
Ngaphezu kokucindezelwa kwamalungu ezifundiswa, iKhmer Rouge yenze inhlanzeko ngokobuhlanga, yathi amaKhmers noma amaChina angaba izakhamizi ezithembekile zaseKampuchea. Nsuku zonke inani lamadolobha lalincipha.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uPol Pot, ekhuthazwe yimibono kaMao Zedong, wenze konke okusemandleni ukuhlanganisa abantu bakubo babe ngamakhomishana asezindaweni zasemakhaya. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ema-communes anjalo kwakungekho into efana nomndeni.
Ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwabantu ngesihluku kwaba yinto evamile kubantu baseCambodia, futhi umuthi nemfundo kwabhujiswa njengokungenasidingo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uhulumeni osanda kwakhiwa wasusa izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene zempucuko ngendlela yezimoto nezinto zikagesi zasendlini.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkolo lwaluvinjelwe ezweni. Abapristi baboshwa base becindezelwa ngokuphelele. Imibhalo yashiswa emigwaqweni, futhi amathempeli nezindela zaqhunyiswa noma zaphendulwa izindlu zezingulube.
Ngo-1977, kwaqala ukungqubuzana kwezempi neVietnam, okwadalwa yizingxabano zemingcele. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa amaVietnam athumba iKampuchea, eyaphenduka amanxiwa phakathi neminyaka engu-3.5 yokubusa kukaPol Pot. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani lombuso lehlile, ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kubantu abayizigidi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3!
Ngokwesinqumo seCambodian People's Tribunal, uPol Pot wahlonishwa njengoyimbangela yokuqothulwa kohlanga futhi wagwetshwa intambo. Kodwa-ke, umashiqela wakwazi ukuphunyula ngempumelelo, ecashe endizeni enophephela emhlane ehlathini elimangelengele.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, uPol Pot akazange avume ukubandakanyeka kwakhe emacaleni enziwa, wathi "ulandela inqubomgomo yenhlalakahle kazwelonke." Le ndoda iphinde yamemezela ubumsulwa bayo ekufeni kwezigidi, ichaza lokhu ngokuthi akukho neyodwa incwadi eyatholakala lapho yayala ukuthi kubulawe izakhamizi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaPol Pot kwakunguKhomanisi uKhieu Ponnari, ahlangana naye eFrance. UKhieu wayevela emndenini ohlakaniphile, owenza izifundo ze-linguistics. Abathandi bashada ngo-1956, sebehlale ndawonye cishe iminyaka engama-23.
Lo mbhangqwana wahlukana ngo-1979. Ngaleso sikhathi, lo wesifazane wayesevele ephethwe yi-schizophrenia, yize eqhubeka nokuthathwa njengomama "wenguquko." Ushone ngo-2003 ngenxa yomdlavuza.
Okwesibili uPol Pot washada noMea Son ngo-1985. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane egama linguSita (Sar Patchada). Ngemuva kokushona kukamashiqela ngo-1998, umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe baboshwa. Lapho sebekhululiwe, babevame ukushushiswa ngabantu bakubo, ababengazikhohliwe izenzo zonya zikaPol Pot.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMea waphinde washada nendoda yaseKhmer Rouge egama linguTepa Hunala, lapho athola khona ukuthula nokuguga okunethezekile. Indodakazi kazwilakhe yashada ngo-2014 kanti njengamanje ihlala eCambodia, iphila impilo yobugovu.
Ukufa
Ababhali bezindaba zikaPol Pot namanje abakavumelani ngembangela yangempela yokufa kwakhe. Ngokwenguqulo esemthethweni, umashiqela washona ngo-Ephreli 15, 1998 eneminyaka engama-72. Kukholakala ukuthi ushone ngenxa yokuhluleka yinhliziyo.
Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe be-forensic bathi ukufa kukaPol Pot kungenxa yobuthi. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, washona ehlathini ngenxa yokugula, noma wazibulala. Iziphathimandla zifuna ukuthi kuhlinzekwe isidumbu ukuze sihlolisiswe kahle futhi kuqinisekiswe nokuthi ukufa kwakungeyona into engeyona.
Ngaphandle kokusibuka, isidumbu sashiswa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ama-pilgrim aqala ukuza endaweni yokushiswa kwesidumbu samakhomanisi, bethandazela ukuphumula komphefumulo kaPol Pot.
Isithombe nguPol Pot
