Pearl Harbour - itheku elisesiqhingini sase-Oahu, esisendaweni yamanzi esiqhingi saseHawaii. Ingxenye enkulu yetheku kanye nezindawo ezizungezile kuhlala isikhungo esiphakathi sePacific Fleet ye-US Navy.
IPearl Harbour yaduma umhlaba wonke ngenhlekelele eyenzeka ngoDisemba 7, 1941. IJapane yahlasela izizinda zamasosha aseMelika, okwaholela ekutheni i-United States ngokushesha imemezele impi namaJapane, yabuye yangena eMpini Yezwe II (1939-1945).
Ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor
Ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbour okuvela eJapan bekuhlangene. Uhulumeni waseJapan usebenzise le ndlela elandelayo:
- Izindiza ezingama-6 ezinezindiza zamasosha ezingama-441 ezinezikhali ezifanele;
- 2 imikhumbi yempi;
- abagibeli bamanzi ahlukene;
- Ababhubhisi abali-11 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo 9);
- Imikhumbi-ngwenya engu-6.
Ukuhlasela iPearl Harbour, amaJapan azama ukunciphisa amandla empi eAmerican Pacific Fleet ukuze aqinisekise ukulawula emanzini aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ekuseni ngoDisemba 7, indiza yabo yethule umkhankaso wokucekela phansi izinkundla zezindiza nemikhumbi ebekwe ePearl Harbor.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwacwiliswa imikhumbi yempi yaseMelika engu-4, ababhubhisi ababili nemikhumbi emi-4 yomugqa, kungabalwa abagibeli abathathu kanye nomchithi oyedwa, owathola umonakalo omkhulu. Sekukonke, izindiza eziyi-188 zaseMelika zacekelwa phansi kwathi ezinye eziyi-159 zalimala kabi. Kule mpi, kwabulawa amasosha aseMelika angu-2 403 kwathi abangu-1 178 balimala.
IJapan nayo yalahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu, njengoba ilahlekelwe izindiza ezingama-29 nemikhumbi-ngwenya emincane emi-5. Ukulahleka komuntu kube ngamasosha angama-64.
Imiphumela
Ukuhlaziya ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor, umuntu angaphetha ngokuthi iJapane ithole impumelelo enkulu kulo msebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukulawula iningi leNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka isithombe esigcwele, lapho-ke ePacific Fleet ye-US Navy, ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor akuzange kube yimiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyo yonke imikhumbi ebicwile, abaseMelika abakwazanga ukubuyisela kuphela engu-4 kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi bezama ukuqeda imikhumbi yempi nezindiza, amaJapan awathintanga imishini eminingi ebucayi kanye nezinqolobane zamasu ezingasetshenziswa yiMelika ezimpini ezizayo. Abathwali bezindiza besimanje baseMelika ngaleso sikhathi babekwa kwenye indawo, ngaleyo ndlela bahlala bengenamyocu.
Imikhumbi yempi yamasosha eyabhujiswa amaJapane yayivele ingasasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ababange besaba usongo olukhulu esitheni, ngoba kuleyo mpi yezindiza kwakungamandla abhubhisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokuthi iJapan icekele phansi izindiza eziningi zase-US, ingafinyelela imiphumela emikhulu kakhulu.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngamabutho aseJapan ahlasela iPearl Harbor ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwabathwali bezindiza kuyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, laba bathwali bezindiza kwaba ngamabutho amakhulu asemanzini aseMelika kuleyo mpi.
