UTaj Mahal

UTaj Mahal ("Crown of Palaces") - i-mausoleum-mosque, etholakala edolobheni lase-India i-Agra. Yakhiwa ngoku-oda kwepadishah yombuso waseBaburid u-Shah Jahan, kukhunjulwa unkosikazi kaMumtaz Mahal, owashona ebeletha ingane yakhe ye-14. Kamuva, u-Shah Jahan uqobo wangcwatshwa lapha.

Kusukela ngo-1983 iTaj Mahal ifakiwe kuhlu lwamagugu omhlaba le-UNESCO. Lesi sakhiwo, esaphothulwa ngonyaka we-1630-1653, sakhiwa ngezandla zezingcweti ezingama-20 000. ULahori uthathwa njengomklami omkhulu wale mausoleum, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, u-Isa Mohammed Efendi.

Ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal

Ngaphakathi kweTaj Mahal, ungabona amathuna ama-2 - uShahan Jahan nomkakhe uMumtaz Mahal. Ukuphakama kwalesi sakhiwo esilawulwa yi-5 kufinyelela kuma-74 m, ne-minaret yamamitha angu-41 ekhoneni ngalinye.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wonke ama-minaret anqatshiwe ngamabomu kolunye uhlangothi oluvela emangcwabeni, ukuze angalimazi uma kwenzeka ebhujiswa. Izindonga zeTaj Mahal zigcwele imabula eguquguqukayo, eyayikhonjiwe ngamakhilomitha angama-600 ukusuka lapho kwakhiwa khona.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ezindongeni ungabona ukufakwa kwamatshe ayigugu amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-agate ne-malachite. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zemabula losuku luguqula umbala walo: entathakusa - epinki, emini - emhlophe, nangaphansi kokukhanya kwenyanga - isiliva.

Umgwaqo wamakhilomitha ayi-15 owenziwe ngomhlabathi ogoqiwe wasetshenziswa ukuletha imabula nezinye izinto zokwakha. Kuyo, izinkunzi ezingama-30 zazihudulwa ibhulokhi elilodwa ngesikhathi, zabelwa enqoleni ekhethekile. Lapho i-block ilethwa esakhiweni, yaphakanyiselwa ezingeni elifunwayo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukile.

Kuyacaca ukuthi kudingeka amanzi amaningi ukwakha isakhiwo esikhulu kangaka. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ngokugcwele, abaklami basebenzisa amanzi omfula, ayethunyelwa lapho kwakhiwa khona ngohlelo lwezintambo zamabhakede.

Kuthathe cishe iminyaka eyi-12 ukwakha ithuna nesiteji. Yonke enye iTaj Mahal, kufaka phakathi imayini, imosque, iJavab neSango Elikhulu, zakhiwe ngokulandelana okucacile eminye iminyaka eyishumi.

Izinto zokwakha zilethwe zivela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Asia. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlovu ezingaphezu kwe-1000 zazibandakanyekile. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingamagugu ezingama-28 zasetshenziselwa ukufaka imabula emhlophe, ezalethwa zivela emazweni angomakhelwane.

Ngaphezu kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi, abantu abangama-37 babephethe ukubukeka kobuciko kweTaj Mahal, ngamunye wabo owayengumpetha wobuciko bakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakhi bakwazile ukwakha isakhiwo esihle kakhulu futhi esihle kakhulu.

Indawo ephelele yenkambiso yonke yaseTaj Mahal, kanye nezinye izakhiwo, yayinesimo esingunxande esingamamitha ayi-600 x 300. Izindonga zemabula ezimhlophe ezicwebezelwe kahle zemausoleum, ezihlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu, zazibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga nokukhanya kwenyanga.

Ngokuphambene nokwakhiwa ichibi elikhulu lemabula, emanzini lapho ungabona khona ukubonakala kweTaj Mahal. Igumbi lokungcwaba elinamacala ayisishiyagalombili ehholo elingaphakathi liqukethe amathuna kaMumtaz Mahal no-Shah Jahan.

AmaSulumane ayakwenqabela ukuhlobisa izindawo zokungcwaba ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, izidumbu zabashadikazi zabekwa ku-crypt elula ngaphansi kwegumbi elingaphakathi.

Izimpawu eziningi zifihliwe ekwakhiweni kwenkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, emasangweni aholela epaki elizungeze i-mausoleum, kuvezwe amavesi asesahlukweni sama-89 seKoran: “O wena mphefumulo ophumulayo! Buyisela eNkosini okuqukethwe kanye nokwaneliseka! Ngenani nezigqila Zami. Faka iPharadesi Lami! "

Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yethuna, ungabona isonto lamaSulumane, elihambisana nokuthi kukhona indlu yezivakashi (i-javab). Yonke inxanxathela yaseTaj Mahal ine-axial symmetry, ngaphandle kwethuna lika-Shah Jahan, elakhiwa ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.

Lesi sakhiwo sinengadi enemithombo kanye nedamu elingamamitha angama-300 oblong. Ehlangothini oluseningizimu kunamagceke avaliwe anamasango ama-4, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-mausoleum abanye abafazi ababili bepadishah - i-Akbarabadi neFatehpuri.

UTaj Mahal namuhla

Kusanda kutholakala imifantu ezindongeni zeTaj Mahal. Ochwepheshe baqala ukusungula ngokushesha izimbangela zokwenzeka kwabo. Ngemuva kokucwaninga ngokucophelela, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi imifantu ingavela ngenxa yokujula komfula iJamna ongumakhelwane.

Iqiniso ukuthi ukunyamalala kweJamna kuholela ekunciphiseni kwenhlabathi, okuholela ekubhujisweni kancane kwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTaj Mahal isanda kuqala ukulahlekelwa ubumhlophe bayo obudumile ngenxa yokungcola komoya.

Ukuvimbela lokhu, iziphathimandla zayalela ukuthi kwandiswe indawo yepaki futhi kumiswe umsebenzi wawo wonke amabhizinisi angcolisayo e-Agra. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle bekuvinjelwe lapha, kukhethwa igesi engalondolozi imvelo kunalolu hlobo lukaphethiloli.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe, i-mausoleum iyaqhubeka nokuthatha ukubukeka okuphuzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuze kwenziwe mhlophe izindonga zeTaj Mahal ngangokunokwenzeka, abasebenzi bahlala bezihlanza ngobumba lwe-bleaching.

Kusukela namhlanje, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabavakashi (ama-5-7 million ngonyaka) eza ukuzobona i-mausoleum nsuku zonke, ngenxa yokuthi isabelomali sikahulumeni saseNdiya sigcwaliswa kakhulu. Njengoba kungavunyelwe ukushayela izimoto ezinezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo, izivakashi kufanele zisuke esiteshini sebhasi ziye eTaj Mahal ngezinyawo noma ngebhasi likagesi.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngonyaka we-2019, ukuze kuliwe nezokuvakasha ngokweqile, kwafakwa izinhlawulo zezivakashi ezahlala kule nxanxathela ngaphezu kwamahora ama-3. Manje i-mausoleum ingenye yezimangaliso ezintsha ze-7 zomhlaba.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela okuhehayo, izivakashi zingavakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeTaj Mahal. Lapho ungathola imininingwane mayelana namahora okuvula nokuthengiswa kwamathikithi, thola ukuthi yini ongayenza nokuthi yini ongayenzi, futhi uzijwayeze neminye imininingwane ebaluleke ngokulinganayo.