Spartacus (Wafa ngo-71 BC) - umholi wokuvukela kwezigqila nama-gladiator e-Italy ngo-73-71. WayenguThracian, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingacacile ngokuphelele waba yisigqila, futhi kamuva - i-gladiator.
Ngo-73 BC. e. kanye nabasekeli abangama-70 babalekela isikole sokulwa nezilwi eCapua, babalekela eVesuvius futhi banqoba iqembu elathunyelwa kuye. Kamuva wawina ukunqoba okuningana okugqamile kumaRoma, okwashiya uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni wezwe.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ye-Spartak, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSpartacus.
Umlando kaSpartacus
Cishe akukho okwaziwayo ngobuntwana nentsha yaseSpartak. Yonke imithombo imbiza ngokuthi iThracian - omele abantu basendulo bezizwe zase-Indo-European futhi abahlala eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan.
Ababhali bezindaba zikaSpartak bayavuma ukuthi wayezelwe mahhala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, waba yisigqila, bese kuba yi-gladiator. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ithengiswe okungenani ama-3 times.
Ngokusobala, uSpartacus waba yi-gladiator eneminyaka engama-30. Uzibonakalise eyiqhawe elinesibindi futhi elinekhono onegunya phakathi kwamanye amaqhawe. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, waduma hhayi njengomnqobi enkundleni, kodwa njengomholi wokuvukela odumile.
Ukuvukela kukaSpartacus
Imibhalo yasendulo ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuvukela kwenzeka e-Italy ngo-73 BC, yize ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka owedlule. Abaqaphi besikole abavela edolobheni laseCapua, kufaka phakathi uSpartacus, bahlela ukubaleka ngempumelelo.
Amaqhawe, ahlome ngemishini yasekhishini, akwazi ukubulala bonke onogada agqashula. Kukholakala ukuthi kunabantu ababalelwa ku-70 ababalekile. Leli qembu laphephela emthambekeni wentaba-mlilo iVesuvius. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi endleleni, ama-gladiator athatha izinqola eziningana ezinezikhali, ezazisiza ezimpini ezalandela.
Masinyane iqembu lamasosha amaRoma lathunyelwa ngemuva kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ama-gladiator akwazi ukunqoba amaRoma futhi athatha nemishini yawo yempi. Babe sebehlala emgodini wentaba-mlilo engasekho, bahlasela izindlu eziseduze.
USpartacus wakwazi ukuhlela ibutho eliqinile nelikhuzile. Ngokushesha ezinhlwini lezihlubuki zigcwaliswa ngabampofu bendawo, ngenxa yalokho ibutho laba likhulu ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi izihlubuki zanqoba amaRoma owodwa.
Khonamanjalo, ibutho likaSpartacus lakhula kakhulu. Kukhuphuke kusuka kubantu abangama-70 kuya kuma-120,000 amasosha ayehlome ahlomile futhi alungele impi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umholi wamahlongandlebe wahlukanisa yonke impango ebanjiwe ngokulingana, okwafaka isandla ebunyeni nokwandisa isimilo.
I-Battle of Vesuvius yaba yisikhathi sokuguqula impikiswano phakathi kwama-gladiator namaRoma. Ngemuva kokunqoba okuhle kukaSpartacus phezu kwesitha, impi yezempi yathatha isilinganiso esikhulu - iMpi yaseSpartak. Le ndoda yaqala ukufaniswa nomphathi omkhulu waseCarthage uHannibal, owayeyisitha esifungelwe saseRoma.
Ngezimpi, abaseSpartan bafika emingceleni esenyakatho ye-Italy, mhlawumbe behlose ukuwela i-Alps, kodwa umholi wabo wanquma ukubuya. Yini ebiyimbangela yalesi sinqumo engaziwa kuze kube namuhla.
Khonamanjalo, amasosha amaRoma ajikijelwa uSpartacus aholwa ngumholi wamasosha uMark Licinius Crassus. Wakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokulwa kwamasosha futhi wafaka kubo ukuzethemba ekunqobeni amavukelambuso.
UCrassus unake kakhulu amaqhinga namasu empi, esebenzisa bonke ubuthakathaka besitha.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kulokhu kungqubuzana, isinyathelo saqala ukushintshela kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye. Ngokushesha uCrassus wayala ukwakhiwa kwezinqaba zamasosha nokumba umsele, owanqamula abaseSpartan kulo lonke elase-Italy wabenza bangakwazi ukuhamba.
Futhi nokho, uSpartacus namasosha akhe bakwazile ukugqobhoza lezi zinqaba futhi baphinda futhi banqoba amaRoma. Kulokhu, inhlanhla yafulathela i-gladiator. Ibutho lakhe labhekana nokushoda okukhulu kwezinsizakusebenza, ngenkathi amanye amabutho ama-2 esiza amaRoma.
USpartak neqembu lakhe bahlehla, behlose ukuya eSicily ngomkhumbi, kodwa lutho. UCrassus waqinisekisa amasosha ukuthi nakanjani azonqoba izihlubuki. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wayala ukuba abulale wonke amasosha e-10 abaleka empini.
AbaseSpartan bazama ukuwela iStrait of Messana ngezihlenga, kepha amaRoma awakuvumanga lokhu. Izigqila ezazibaleka zazizungezwe, zibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kokudla.
UCrassus wayevame ukunqoba izimpi, kuyilapho ukungezwani kwaqala ukwenzeka ekamu lezihlubuki. Ngokushesha uSpartacus wangena empini yakhe yokugcina eMfuleni iSilar. Empini eyachitha igazi, kwabulawa amavukela mbuso angaba ngu-60 000, kwathi amaRoma ayengaba yinkulungwane kuphela.
Ukufa
USpartacus wafa empini, njengoba kufanele iqhawe elinesibindi. Ngokusho kuka-Appian, i-gladiator yalimala emlenzeni, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka iguqe ngedolo elilodwa. Waqhubeka nokubuyisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaRoma waze wabulawa yiwo.
Isidumbu sikaSpartacus asikaze sitholakale, namasosha akhe asindile abalekela ezintabeni, lapho abulawa khona kamuva ngamasosha kaCrassus. USpartacus ushone ngo-Ephreli 71. Impi kaSpartak yahlasela kakhulu umnotho wase-Italy: ingxenye enkulu yendawo yezwe yacekelwa phansi ngamabutho amavukelambuso, futhi kwaphangwa amadolobha amaningi.
Izithombe zeSpartak
