USemyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883-1973) - Umholi wamasosha waseSoviet, omunye wamashali okuqala eSoviet Union, amahlandla amathathu iHero leSoviet Union, ophethe iSt. George Cross kanye neSt. George Medal yazo zonke iziqu.
UMkhuzi oMkhulu we-First Cavalry Army of the Red Army ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, ongomunye wabahleli abakhulu bamahhashi abomvu. Amasosha eFirst Cavalry Army aziwa ngaphansi kwegama elihlangene elithi "Budennovtsy".
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaBudyonny, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSemyon Budyonny.
Umlando kaBudyonny
USemyon Budyonny wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 13 (25), 1883 epulazini laseKozyurin (manje esesifunda iRostov). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini omkhulu wabalimi uMikhail Ivanovich noMelania Nikitovna.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubusika obulambile bango-1892 baphoqa inhloko yomndeni ukuthi iboleke imali kumthengisi, kepha uBudyonny Sr. akakwazanga ukubuyisa imali ngesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, umbolekisi wathembisa umlimi ukuthi amnike indodana yakhe uSemyon njengesisebenzi unyaka owodwa.
Ubaba akafunanga ukuvumelana nesiphakamiso esilihlazo esinje, kodwa futhi akaboni enye indlela yokuphuma. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umfana akazange abambe igqubu kubazali bakhe, kodwa, kunalokho, wayefuna ukubasiza, ngenxa yalokho waya ukuyokhonza umthengisi.
Ngemuva konyaka, uSemyon Budyonny akazange abuyele ekhaya lobuzali, eqhubeka nokusebenzela umnikazi. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wathunyelwa ukuyosiza umkhandi wensimbi. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography, i-marshal yesikhathi esizayo yabona ukuthi uma ingayitholi imfundo efanelekile, izokhonza umuntu impilo yayo yonke.
Lo mfana uvumelane nomabhalane ongumthengisi ukuthi uma emfundisa ukufunda nokubhala, yena uzomenzela yonke imisebenzi yasekhaya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngezimpelasonto, uSemyon wafika ekhaya, wasebenzisa sonke isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula nezihlobo eziseduze.
UBudyonny Sr. udlale i-balalaika ngobuciko, kuyilapho uSemyon akwazi ukudlala i-harmonica. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngokuzayo uStalin uzomcela kaningi ukuthi enze i- "The Lady".
Enye yezinto ayezithanda kakhulu uSemyon Budyonny kwakuwumjaho wamahhashi. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, waba ngumnqobi walo mncintiswano, wabekelwa isikhathi sokuqondana nokufika kukaNgqongqoshe Wezempi kulo muzi. Ungqongqoshe wamangala kakhulu lapho le nsizwa ifica abakwaCossacks abanolwazi begibele ihhashi waze wayinika irubhi yesiliva.
Ngokushesha uBudyonny washintsha imisebenzi eminingi, ekwazi ukusebenza endaweni yokubhula, isicishamlilo kanye nochwepheshe. Ekwindla ngo-1903, lo mfana wabuthelwa ebusosheni.
Umsebenzi wezempi
Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uSemyon wayesemasosheni e-Imperial Army eMpumalanga Ekude. Njengoba esekhokhe isikweletu sakhe ezweni lakubo, wahlala enkonzweni yesikhathi eside. Wabamba iqhaza empini yaseRussia-Japan (1904-1905), ekhombisa ukuthi uyisosha elinesibindi.
Ngo-1907, uBudyonny, njengomgibeli ohamba phambili webutho, wathunyelwa eSt. Lapha wakwazi ukugibela amahhashi kangcono kakhulu, eseqedile ukuqeqeshwa e-Officer Cavalry School. Ngonyaka olandelayo wabuyela ePrimorsky Dragoon Regiment.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918) uSemyon Budyonny uqhubeke nokulwa enkundleni yempi njengesikhulu esingathunyelwanga. Ngenxa yesibindi sakhe wanikezwa iSt. George Crosses nezindondo zawo wonke ama-degree amane.
Le ndoda ithole esinye seziphambano zeSt. George ngokukwazi ukuthatha isiboshwa uhide olukhulu lwamaJalimane ngokudla okunothile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekulahlekelweni kweBudyonny kwakukhona amasosha angama-33 kuphela akwazi ukubamba isitimela futhi athatha amaJalimane ahlome kahle angama-200.
Ku-biography kaSemyon Mikhailovich kunecala elithandekayo elingaphenduka inhlekelele kuye. Ngelinye ilanga, isikhulu esiphezulu saqala ukumthuka saze samshaya ebusweni.
UBudyonny akakwazanga ukuzibamba futhi wabuyisela kumuntu owonile, ngenxa yalokho kwavela ihlazo elikhulu. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni aphucwe iSt. 1 sikaSt George's Cross futhi wakhuzwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa uSemyon wakwazi ukubuyisa indondo ngomunye umsebenzi ophumelelayo.
Maphakathi no-1917, umgibeli wamahhashi wayiswa eMinsk, lapho aphathiswa khona isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo wekomidi lesifundazwe. Wabe yena, kanye Mikhail Frunze, elawulwa inqubo amasosha Lavr Kornilov.
Lapho amaBolsheviks eqala ukubusa, uBudyonny wakha iqembu lamahhashi, elabamba iqhaza ezimpini zabamhlophe. Ngemuva kwalokho, waqhubeka ekhonza ebuthweni lokuqala labalimi bezinkweli zamahhashi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuthembela kuSemyon ukuyala amabutho amaningi. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wahola isigaba sonke, ejabulela igunya elikhulu nabangaphansi nabaphathi. Ekupheleni kuka-1919 iHorse Corps yasungulwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaBudyonny.
Le yunithi yalwa ngempumelelo namabutho ka-Wrangel no-Denikin, ikwazile ukunqoba izimpi eziningi ezibalulekile. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yombango, uSemyon Mikhailovich wakwazi ukwenza lokho akuthandayo. Wakha amabhizinisi wamahhashi, ababandakanyeka ekuzalaneni kwamahhashi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abasebenzi basungula izinhlobo ezintsha - "iBudennovskaya" ne "Terskaya". Ngo-1923, le ndoda yayisibe ngumsizi kamkhuzi omkhulu weRed Army yabamahhashi. Ngo-1932 waphumelela e-Military Academy. Frunze, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wanikezwa isihloko esihloniphekile sikaMarshal waseSoviet Union.
Ngaphandle kwegunya elingenakuphikwa likaBudyonny, babebaningi ababemsola ngokukhaphela ozakwabo abasebenza nabo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1937 wayengumsekeli wokudutshulwa kukaBukharin noRykov. Wabe esekela ukudubula Tukhachevsky futhi Rudzutak, ebabiza scoundrels.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945) uSemyon Budyonny waba yiphini lokuqala lekhomishini lezokuvikela le-USSR. Uqhubeke nokumemezela ukubaluleka kwamahhashi ngaphambili nokusebenza kwawo ekuqhubeni ukuhlasela.
Ekupheleni kuka-1941, kwase kudalwe izigaba ezingaphezu kwama-80 zamahhashi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uSemyon Budyonny wayala amabutho ezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga naseNingizimu, ezazivikela i-Ukraine.
Nge-oda lakhe, isiteshi samandla kagesi i-Dnieper siqhutshwe eZaporozhye. Imifudlana enamandla yamanzi agobhozayo yaholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lama-fascists. Noma kunjalo, amasosha amaningi e-Red Army kanye nezakhamizi zafa. Imishini yezimboni nayo yacekelwa phansi.
Ababhali bezindaba zikaMarshal basaphikisana ngokuthi isenzo sakhe sasifanele yini. Kamuva, uBudyonny wabelwa ukuba aphathe iReserve Front. Futhi yize wayekulesi sikhundla isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga, iqhaza lakhe ekuvikeleni iMoscow lalibalulekile.
Ekupheleni kwempi, le ndoda yayihlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezolimo nokufuya izilwane kuhulumeni. Yena, njengakuqala, wanaka kakhulu izimboni zamahhashi. Ihhashi lakhe alithandayo lalibizwa ngokuthi uSophist, owayenamathele kakhulu kuSemyon Mikhailovich kangangokuba wazimisela indlela yakhe ngomsindo wenjini yemoto.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokushona komnikazi, uSophist wakhala njengomuntu. Akukona nje kuphela uhlobo lwamahhashi olwaqanjwa nge-marshal edumile, kodwa futhi nesigqoko esidumile - budenovka.
Isici esihlukile sikaSemyon Budyonny amadevu akhe "kanokusho". Ngokusho kolunye uhlobo, ebusheni bakhe amadevu owodwa kaBudyonny kuthiwa "waba mpunga" ngenxa yokugqashuka kothanga. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mfana uqale wathinta amadevu akhe, wabe esenquma ukuwagunda ngokuphelele.
Lapho uJoseph Stalin ethola ngalokhu, wamisa uBudyonny ngokuhlekisa ngokuthi kwakungewona amadevu akhe, kodwa amadevu abantu. Ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso yini akwaziwa, kepha le ndaba ithandwa kakhulu. Njengoba wazi, izinduna eziningi ezibomvu zazicindezelwe, kepha umashalali wakwazi ukusinda.
Kukhona nenganekwane ngalokhu. Ngesikhathi "umsele omnyama" ufika kuSemyon Budyonny, kuthiwa ukhiphe isabula wabuza "Ngubani owokuqala?!"
Ngenkathi kubikwa uStalin ngobuqili bomphathi, wavele wahleka wancoma uBudyonny. Ngemuva kwalokho, akekho noyedwa owahlupha le ndoda.
Kodwa kukhona enye inguqulo, ngokusho ukuthi umgibeli wamahhashi waqala ukudubula "izivakashi" kusuka kusibhamu somshini. Bethukile futhi ngokushesha baya kokhononda kuStalin. Ngemuva kokuzwa ngalesi sehlakalo, uGeneralissimo wayala ukuthi angamthinti uBudyonny, ethi "isiwula esidala asiyingozi."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Phakathi neminyaka yomlando wakhe siqu, uSemyon Mikhailovich wayeshade kathathu. Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba Nadezhda Ivanovna. Le ntombazane yashona ngo-1925 ngenxa yokuphathwa budedengu kwezibhamu.
Unkosikazi wesibili kaBudyonny wayengumculi we-opera u-Olga Stefanovna. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wayemncane ngeminyaka engama-20 kunomyeni wakhe. Wayenamanoveli amaningi nabantu bezinye izizwe abahlukahlukene, ngenxa yalokho ayengaphansi kweso elibukhali lezikhulu ze-NKVD.
U-Olga waboshwa ngo-1937 esolwa ngobunhloli nokuzama ukufaka ushevu kumashiles. Waphoqeleka ukuba afakaze ngokumelene noSemyon Budyonny, ngemuva kwalokho wathunyelwa ekamu. Lona wesifazane wakhululwa kuphela ngo-1956 ngosizo Budyonny ngokwakhe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaStalin, umashi wamaphoyisa wayecabanga ukuthi umkakhe akasaphili, ngoba yilokho abika kuye abezimfihlo zaseSoviet. Ngemuva kwalokho, wasiza u-Olga ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokwesithathu, uBudyonny wehla esiteji noMaria, umzala womkakhe wesibili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wayeneminyaka engama-33 ubudala kunokhethiweyo wakhe, owayemthanda kakhulu. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane, uNina, nabafana ababili, uSergei noMikhail.
Ukufa
USemyon Budyonny ushone ngo-Okthoba 26, 1973 eneminyaka engama-90. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwakuwukopha ebuchosheni. Umashi waseSoviet wangcwatshwa odongeni lwaseKremlin eRed Square.
Izithombe zeBudyonny
