UMaria I (nee UMary Stuart; 1542-1587) - iNdlovukazi yaseScots kusukela ebuntwaneni, empeleni yabusa kusukela ngo-1561 kwaze kwaba yilapho ibekwa ngo-1567, kanye neNdlovukazi yaseFrance ngonyaka ka-1559-1560.
Isiphetho sakhe esibuhlungu, esigcwele ukuguquka nemicimbi "emibhalweni" emangalisayo, savusa intshisekelo yababhali abaningi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaMary I, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaMary Stuart.
Umlando ka-Mary Stewart
UMary wazalwa ngoDisemba 8, 1542 esigodlweni saseScotland eLinlithgow eLothian. Wayeyindodakazi kaKing James 5 waseScotland nenkosazana yaseFrance uMarie de Guise.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Usizi lokuqala ku-biography kaMariya lwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe. Ubaba wakhe akakwazanga ukusinda ekuhlulweni okulihlazo empini neNgilandi, kanye nokufa kwamadodana ama-2, ayengaba yindlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi.
Ngenxa yalokho, okuwukuphela kwengane esemthethweni kaJakobe kwakunguMaria Stuart. Njengoba wayesewusana, isihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu uJames Hamilton saba yi-regent yentombazane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uJames wayenemibono yama-pro-English, ngenxa yokuthi izicukuthwane eziningi ezaxoshwa ngubaba kaMary zabuyela eScotland.
Ngemuva konyaka, uHamilton waqala ukufunela uStuart umkhwenyana ofanele. Lokhu kwaholela esiphethweni seSivumelwano SaseGreenwich ehlobo lika-1543, ngokuya ngokuthi uMary wayezoba ngumfazi wePrince Edward yaseNgilandi.
Umshado onjalo wavumela ukuhlangana kweScotland neNgilandi ngaphansi kokubusa kobukhosi obubodwa bobukhosi. Ekwindla ngawo lowo nyaka, uMary wamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni njengeNdlovukazi yamaScot.
Kodwa-ke, impi yezempi yaqala ngokushesha ezweni. Abaphathi bamaNgisi basuswa emandleni, futhi uKhadinali Beaton nabalingani bakhe, bagxila ekuhlanganyeleni kabusha neFrance, baba ngabaholi bezepolitiki.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuProthestani babuthola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe, abalandeli babo ababona abaseBrithani njengabangane babo. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1546, iqembu lamaProthestani labulala uBeon futhi lathumba iSt. Andrews Castle. Ngemuva kwalokho, iFrance yangenelela kuleyo mpi, empeleni eyaxosha ibutho lamaNgisi eScotland.
Eminyakeni engu-5, uMary Stuart wathunyelwa eFrance, enkantolo kaHenry II - inkosi kanye nomukhwe wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Lapha wathola imfundo enhle kakhulu. Ufunde isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiNtaliyane, isiGreki sakudala nesiLatini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMaria wafunda izincwadi zasendulo nezanamuhla. Wayekuthanda ukucula, umculo, ukuzingela kanye nezinkondlo. Le ntombazane ivuse uzwelo phakathi kwezikhulu zaseFrance, izimbongi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uLope de Vega, izinkondlo ezinikele kuye.
Silwele isihlalo sobukhosi
Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, uStewart waba ngumfazi wendlalifa yaseFrance, uFrancis, owayehlala egula. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 yasemshadweni, umfana washona, ngenxa yalokho amandla adluliselwa kuMaria de Medici.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uMary Stuart waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo, lapho kubusa khona umama wakhe, okuyinto abantu ababengayithandi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iScotland yagwinywa yizinguquko zamaProthestani, ngenxa yalokho inkantolo yasebukhosini yahlukaniswa yaba amaKatolika namaProthestani.
Abanye nabesibili bazama ukunqoba indlovukazi eceleni kwabo, kodwa uMaria waziphatha ngokucophelela okukhulu, ezama ukunamathela kokungathathi hlangothi. Akazange abuqede ubuProthestani, obabusuvele buyaziwa njengenkolo esemthethweni ezweni, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye waqhubeka nokugcina ubudlelwano neSonto LamaKatolika.
Lapho esezinze esihlalweni sobukhosi, uMary Stuart wazuza ukuqhathanisa nokuzinza ngokuqhathanisa kuhulumeni. Okumangazayo ukuthi akazange amhloniphe u-Elizabeth I njengeNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, ngoba wayenamalungelo amaningi esihlalweni sobukhosi samaNgisi. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi u-Elizabeth wayeyindlalifa engekho emthethweni.
Noma kunjalo, uMary wayesaba ukungena emzabalazweni ovulekile wamandla, eqonda ukuthi wayengeke athathe indawo ka-Elizabeth ngenkani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMaria wayebukeka kahle futhi eyintombazane efundile. Ngalesi sizathu, wayethandwa ngabantu besilisa. Ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe wokuqala uFrancis, indlovukazi yajwayelana nomzala wakhe uHenry Stuart, uLord Darnley, owayesanda kufika eScotland.
Abantu abasha babonisa ukuzwelana, ngenxa yalokho banquma ukushada. Umshado wabo wabangela intukuthelo phakathi kwama-Protestant ka-Elizabeth I namaScotland. Ababengabalingani bakaMary ebusweni bukaMorey noMaitland bakhela indlovukazi uzungu, bezama ukumketula esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Kodwa-ke, uStewart wakwazi ukukucindezela lokhu kuhlubuka. Umlingani osanda kukhethwa washeshe wadumaza le ntombazane, ngoba wayehlukaniswa ubuthakathaka nokuntuleka kwesithunzi. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayesevele ekhulelwe uHenry, kepha nalokhu akukwazanga ukuvusa imizwa yakhe ngomyeni wakhe.
Ezizwa engathandwa futhi enqatshelwa ngumkakhe, le ndoda yahlela uzungu, futhi phambi kwamehlo kaMaria wayala ukuba kubulawe unobhala wakhe amthandayo nongumuntu uqobo uDavid Riccio.
Ngokusobala, ngaleli cala, abakhi bozungu babezophoqa indlovukazi ukuba yenze isivumelwano. Kodwa-ke, uMaria waya kwabanobuqili: ngenkani wenza ukuthula nomyeni wakhe noMorey, okwaholela ekuqhekekeni kwababopha uzungu, ngemuva kwalokho wabhekana nababulali.
Ngaleso sikhathi, inhliziyo kaMary kwakungeyenye indoda - uJames Hepburn, kanti umyeni wakhe wayengumthwalo wangempela kuye. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1567 ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaqondakali, uHenry Stuart wabulawa eduze kwase-Edinburgh, futhi indawo ahlala kuyo yaqhunyiswa ngebhomu.
Ababhali bezindaba zikaMaria namanje abakwazi ukuvumelana ngokuthi ngabe uyabandakanyeka yini ekufeni komyeni wakhe. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, iNdlovukazi yaba ngumkaHepburn. Lesi senzo ngokungenakuphikiswa simncishe ukwesekwa yizikhulu.
AmaProthestani anenzondo avukela uStuart. Bamphoqa ukuba adlulisele amandla endodaneni yakhe uYakov, owayengumphathi wakhe owayengomunye wabagqugquzeli bokuvukela umbuso. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uMary wasiza uJames ukuba abaleke eScotland.
Indlovukazi esuswe esikhundleni yaboshwa esigodlweni saseLokhliven. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, amawele azalelwe lapha, kepha amagama abo awatholakali kunoma yimiphi imibhalo etholakele. Ngemuva kokukhohlisa umbonisi, lo wesifazane waphunyuka enqabeni waya eNgilandi, ethembele kusizo luka-Elizabeth.
Ukufa
KwiNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, uStewart wayehlale eyisongo, ngoba wayengaba yindlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. UMary wayengacabangi nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo u-Elizabeth angazithatha ukumsusa.
Ekhipha isikhathi ngamabomu, lo wesifazane waseNgilandi wangena ezincwadini nomzala wakhe, engafuni ukumbona mathupha. UStewart ubedume njengesigebengu futhi ebulala umyeni, ngakho-ke isiphetho sakhe bekufanele sinqunywe ontanga baseNgilandi.
UMaria wazithola ehileleka ekubhaleni ngokunganaki no-Anthony Babington, i-ejenti yamabutho amaKhatholika, lapho ayethembekile khona ekubulaweni kuka-Elizabeth. Lapho izincwadi ziwela ezandleni zeNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, uStewart wagwetshwa intambo ngokushesha.
UMary Stuart wanqunywa ikhanda ngoFebhuwari 8, 1587. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engama-44. Kamuva, indodana yakhe uJacob, iNkosi yaseScotland naseNgilandi, iyalele ukuthi kudluliswe umlotha kanina eWestminster Abbey.
Isithombe nguMary Stuart
