UPaul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945) - Usopolitiki waseJalimane, omunye wamaNazi anethonya elikhulu eMbusweni Wesithathu. UGauleiter eBerlin, inhloko yomnyango wezinkulumo-ze ze-NSDAP.
Waba negalelo elibonakalayo ekwandisweni kwamaNational Socialists esigabeni sokugcina sokuba khona kweRiphabhulikhi yeWeimar.
Esikhathini 1933-1945. UGoebbels wayengungqongqoshe wezinkulumo-ze futhi engumongameli wegumbi lobukhosi lamasiko. Omunye wabagqugquzeli bemicabango ebalulekile yokuQothulwa Kwesizwe.
Inkulumo yakhe edumile ngempi enkulu, ayinikeza eBerlin ngoFebhuwari 1943, iyisibonelo esicacile sokukhohlisa ukwazi kwabantu abaningi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGoebbels, esizokhuluma ngawo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaJoseph Goebbels.
I-Biography kaGoebbels
UJoseph Goebbels wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 29, 1897 edolobheni lasePrussia iRaidt, eliseduze neMönchengladbach. Wakhulela emndenini olula wamaKatolika kaFritz Goebbels nomkakhe uMaria Katarina. Ngaphezu kukaJoseph, abazali bakhe babenezingane ezinhlanu - amadodana ama-2 namadodakazi ama-3, omunye wabo owafa esewusana.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umndeni wakwaGoebbels wawunemali encane kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho amalungu awo ayengakwazi ukukhokhela kuphela izidingo ezingenalutho.
Ngesikhathi esemncane, uJosef wahlushwa izifo ezihlanganisa inyumoniya ende. Umlenze wakhe wangakwesokudla ubukhubazekile, ephendukela ngaphakathi ngenxa yokukhubazeka azalwe nakho, obekukhulu futhi kufushane kunokwesobunxele.
Eminyakeni eyi-10, uGoebbels wahlinzwa ngempumelelo. Ubegqoke insimbi exhunywe ngensimbi nezicathulo emlenzeni, ehlushwa ukuxhuga. Ngalesi sizathu, ikhomishini yamthola engakulungele ukuya empini, yize ayefuna ukuya phambili njengevolontiya.
Kudayari yakhe, uJoseph Goebbels uveze ukuthi kontanga yakhe yobuntwana, ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwakhe ngokomzimba, akazange afune ukwenza ubungane naye. Ngakho-ke, wayehlala ehlala yedwa, echitha amaholide akhe edlala upiyano futhi efunda izincwadi.
Yize abazali bomfana babengabantu abazinikele ababefundisa izingane zabo ukuthanda nokuthandaza kuNkulunkulu, uJoseph wayenombono ongemuhle ngenkolo. Ngephutha wayekholelwa ukuthi njengoba wayenezifo eziningi kangaka, kusho ukuthi uNkulunkulu onothando akanakubakho.
UGoebbels wafunda kwesinye sezikole ezihamba phambili zohlelo lolimi, lapho athola khona amamaki aphezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni sokuzivocavoca, wafunda umlando, izifundo ze-philology kanye nezamaJalimane emanyuvesi aseBonn, Würzburg, Freiburg naseMunich.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi imfundo kaJoseph ikhokhelwe iSonto LamaKatolika, ngoba wayengomunye wabafundi abenza kahle kakhulu. Abazali be-propagandist yesikhathi esizayo babenethemba lokuthi indodana yabo izoba ngumfundisi, kepha konke abakulindele kwaba yize.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies Goebbels ayewuthanda umsebenzi kaFyodor Dostoevsky futhi waze wambiza "ngobaba ongokomoya." Wazama ukuba yintatheli futhi wazama nokuzibona njengombhali. Lapho eneminyaka engu-22, lo mfana waqala ukusebenza endabeni yokuphila komuntu "Iminyaka Emisha kaMichael Forman."
Kamuva, uJosef Goebbels wakwazi ukuvikela iziqu zakhe zobudokotela ngomsebenzi wombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini uWilhelm von Schütz. Emibhalweni yakhe eyalandela, kwalandelwa amanothi we-nascent anti-Semitism.
Imisebenzi yamaNazi
Yize uGoebbels ebhala izindaba eziningi, imidlalo nezihloko, umsebenzi wakhe awuphumelelanga. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wanquma ukushiya izincwadi futhi wazicwilisa kwezepolitiki.
Ngo-1922, uJosef waba yilungu leNational Socialist Workers 'Party, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiholwa uStrasser. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, waba ngumhleli wencwadi yenkulumo-ze ethi Völkische Freiheit.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biographie Goebbels yaqala ukuba nesithakazelo ebuntwini nasemibonweni ka-Adolf Hitler, naphezu kokuthi ekuqaleni wayegxeka imisebenzi yakhe. Waze waphakamisa umbuso wase-USSR, ethatha lo mbuso njengongcwele.
Kodwa-ke, lapho uJoseph ehlangana noHitler, wayejabule ngaye. Emva kwalokho, waba ngomunye wabangane abathembekile nabasondele kakhulu kunhloko yesikhathi esizayo soMbuso Wesithathu.
UNgqongqoshe Wezinkulumo-ze
U-Adolf Hitler waqala ukuthatha izinkulumo-ze zamaNazi ngokungathi sína ngemuva kokwehluleka kweBhiya Putsch. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wadonsela ukunakekela kumaGoebbels akhangayo, ayenamakhono amahle wokukhuluma nokuhleleka.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1933, uHitler wasungula uMnyango Wombuso Wezemfundo Yomphakathi kanye nePropaganda, awabela yena ukuba abe yinhloko kaJosef. Ngenxa yalokho, uGoebbels akazange amdumaze umholi wakhe futhi wazuza izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu emkhakheni wakhe.
Ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe olukhulu nokufundeka kwengqondo kwezengqondo, wakwazi ukukhohlisa izingqondo zabantu, ababesekela ngokweqile zonke iziqubulo nemibono yamaNazi. Uqaphele ukuthi uma abantu bephindaphinda amagama afanayo enkulumweni, ngabezindaba nakwibhayisikobho, ngokuqinisekile bazolalela.
Nguye ophethe ibinzana elidumile: "Nginike abezindaba, ngizokwenza umhlambi wezingulube kunoma yisiphi isizwe."
Ezinkulumweni zakhe, uJoseph Goebbels waphakamisa ubuNazi futhi waphendulela abantu bakubo kumakhomanisi, amaJuda nezinye izinhlanga "ezingaphansi". Uncome uHitler, embiza njengomsindisi kuphela wabantu baseJalimane.
Impi Yesibili Yomhlaba
Ngo-1933, uGoebbels wethula inkulumo evuthayo emasosheni ebutho laseJalimane, ewaqinisekisa ngesidingo sokuthatha indawo yaseMpumalanga futhi enqaba ukuhambisana neSivumelwano SaseVersailles.
Kuyo yonke iMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), uJoseph wagxeka ubukhomanisi ngomdlandla omkhulu futhi wanxusa abantu ukuthi balwe. Ngo-1943, lapho iJalimane iqala ukuhlupheka kakhulu ngaphambili, owasakaza inkulumo-ze wethula inkulumo yakhe edumile ku- "Total War", lapho akhuthaza khona abantu ukuthi basebenzise zonke izindlela ukuzuza ukunqoba.
Ngo-1944, uHitler waqoka uGoebbels ukuthi ahole ukuqoqwa kwamasosha aseJalimane. Uqinisekise amasosha ukuthi aqhubeke nempi, yize iGermany ibisizobhujiswa. Umqambimanga wasekela amasosha aseJalimane izinsuku eziningi, ememezela ukuthi ubewalindele ekhaya noma kungenzeka ahlulwe.
Ngokomyalo kaFuhrer, maphakathi no-Okthoba 1944, kwakhiwa amabutho empi yabantu - iVolkssturm, eyayihlanganisa amadoda ayengafanele ukusebenza phambilini. Iminyaka yamabutho yayisukela eminyakeni engama-45-60. Babengayilungele impi futhi bengenazo izikhali ezifanele.
Emqondweni kaGoebbels, la mabutho kwakufanele amelane ngempumelelo namathangi aseSoviet nezikhali zokudubula, kodwa empeleni lokhu kwakungamampunge.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UJoseph Goebbels wayengenayo ukubukeka okuhle. Wayeyindoda ekhubazekile futhi emfushane enezici ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka kwakhe ngokomzimba kwanxeshezelwa ngamakhono akhe engqondo nasebusweni.
Ekupheleni kuka-1931, le ndoda yashada noMagda, owayenomdlandla ngezinkulumo zakhe. Kamuva, kule nyunyana kwazalwa izingane eziyisithupha.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lezi zithandani zinikeze amagama zonke izingane ziqala ngohlamvu olufanayo: UHelga, uHilda, uHelmut, uHold, uHedd noHyde.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uMagda wayenomfana ogama lakhe linguHarald emshadweni odlule. Kwenzeka ukuthi kube nguHarald okwakuwukuphela kwelungu lomndeni wakwaGoebbels okwazile ukusinda empini.
UHitler wayethanda kakhulu ukuvakashela amaGoebbels, engathokozi nje ngokuxhumana noJoseph noMagda, kodwa futhi nezingane zabo.
Ngo-1936, inhloko yomndeni yahlangana nomculi waseCzech uLida Baarova, owaqala naye ukuthandana. Lapho uMagda ethola ngalokhu, wakhononda kuFuhrer.
Ngenxa yalokho, uHitler waphikelela ukuthi uJoseph ahlukane nowesifazane waseCzech, ngoba wayengafuni ukuthi le ndaba ibe yimpahla yabantu abaningi. Kwakubalulekile kuye ukugcina lo mshado, ngoba uGoebbels nomkakhe babejabulela udumo olukhulu eJalimane.
Kuyaqondakala ukusho ukuthi unkosikazi walowo owasakaza inkulumo-ze wayesebudlelwaneni namadoda ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uKurt Ludecke noKarl Hanke.
Ukufa
Ngobusuku bango-Ephreli 18, 1945, uGoebbels, owayephelelwe yithemba, washisa amaphepha akhe, kwathi ngakusasa wethula inkulumo yakhe yokugcina emoyeni. Uzamile ukukhuthaza izethameli ngethemba lokunqoba, kodwa amazwi akhe azwakala engakholisi.
Ngemuva kokuzibulala kuka-Adolf Hitler, uJoseph wanquma ukulandela isibonelo sesithixo sakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokwentando kaHitler, uJoseph wayezoba yiKhansela yaseReich yaseJalimane.
Ukufa kukaFuhrer kwafaka uJoseph ekucindezelekeni okujulile, lapho athi khona izwe lilahlekelwe ngumuntu omkhulu. NgoMeyi 1, wasayina idokhumenti okuyiyo kuphela esikhundleni sokuba yishansela, eyayenzelwe uJoseph Stalin.
Encwadini, uGoebbels umemezele ukufa kukaHitler, futhi wacela nokuthi kuphele ukulwa. Kodwa-ke, ubuholi be-USSR bufuna ukuzinikela ngaphandle kwemibandela, okwaholela ekutheni izingxoxo zifinyelele ekugcineni.
Kanye nomkakhe nezingane, uJoseph wehla waya kule ndlu. Lo mbhangqwana wanquma ngokuqinile ukuzibulala, futhi walungiselela ikusasa elifanayo ezinganeni zabo. UMagda ucele umyeni wakhe ukuba ajove izingane nge-morphine, waphinde wachoboza amaphilisi e-cyanide emlonyeni wabo.
Imininingwane yokushona kukaNazi nomkakhe ayisoze yatholwa. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lo mbhangqwana uthathe i-cyanide kusihlwa ngoMeyi 1, 1945. Ababhali be-biographer abakaze bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi uJoseph wakwazi yini ukuzidubula ekhanda ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngakusasa, amasosha aseRussia athola izidumbu zomndeni wakwaGoebbels.
Izithombe zeGoebbels
