UKurt Friedrich Gödel (1906-1978) - I-logician yase-Austria, isazi sezibalo kanye nefilosofi yezibalo. Waduma kakhulu ngemuva kokukhombisa ukuthi imibono engaphelelanga, eyaba nomthelela omkhulu embonweni wesisekelo sezibalo. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabacabangi abakhulu bekhulu lama-20.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGödel, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ngoKurt Gödel.
Umlando we-Gödel
UKurt Gödel wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 28, 1906 edolobheni lase-Austro-Hungary laseBrunn (manje eyiBrno, eCzech Republic). Wakhulela emndenini wenhloko yefektri yezindwangu, uRudolf Gödel. Wayenomfowabo owaqanjwa ngegama likayise.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kusukela esemncane, uGödel wayehlukaniswa ngamahloni, ukuzihlukanisa, i-hypochondria nokusola ngokweqile. Wayevame ukufaka kuye izinkolelo-ze ezahlukahlukene, lapho ahlupheka khona kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Isibonelo, noma ngabe kushisa, uKurt uqhubeke nokugqoka izingubo ezifudumele nama-mittens, ngoba wayekholelwa ngokungenasisekelo ukuthi unenhliziyo ebuthakathaka.
Esikoleni, uGödel wakhombisa ikhono elihle lokufunda izilimi. Ngaphezu kwesiJalimane sakubo, wakwazi ukufunda isiNgisi nesiFulentshi.
Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi, uKurt waba ngumfundi eNyuvesi yaseVienna. Lapha wafunda i-physics iminyaka emibili, ngemuva kwalokho washintshela kwimathematics.
Kusukela ngo-1926, lo mfana wayeyilungu le-Vioposivivical Circle yaseVienna, lapho abonisa khona intshisekelo enkulu embonweni wezibalo kanye nombono wobufakazi. Eminyakeni engu-4 kamuva, wavikela umbhalo wakhe ngesihloko esithi "On the botlalo of calculus logus", eqala ukufundisa eyunivesithi yangakubo.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, usosayensi uDavid Hilbert waqala ukukhulisa zonke izibalo. Ukuze enze lokhu, kwakudingeka afakazele ukuvumelana kanye nokuphelela okunengqondo kwezibalo zezinombolo zemvelo.
Ekwindla ka-1930, kwahlelwa ingqungquthela eKonigsberg, eyayihanjelwe yizazi zezibalo ezidumile. Lapho, uKurt Gödel wethule ama-theorems ama-2 ayisisekelo angagcwaliseki akhombisa ukuthi umbono kaHilbert uzokwehluleka.
Enkulumweni yakhe, uKurt uthe kunoma yikuphi ukukhetha ama-axioms we-arithmetic, kukhona ama-theorems angenakufakazelwa noma aphikiswe ngezindlela ezilula ezinikezwe nguHilbert, futhi ubufakazi obulula bokuvumelana kwezibalo akunakwenzeka.
Izimpikiswano zikaGödel kuvele kwaba yinto ejabulisayo, ngenxa yalokho wathola ukuthandwa emhlabeni wonke ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwabuyekezwa imibono kaDavid Hilbert, naye owabona ukufaneleka kukaKurt.
UGödel wayengumbhali wesazi sefilosofi. Ngo-1931 waqamba futhi wafakazela imibono yakhe yokungapheleli.
Eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, uKurt wazuza imiphumela ephezulu ehlobene ne-Cantor continuum hypothesis. Uphumelele ukufakazela ukuthi ukuphikwa kwe-continental hypothesis akunakuvikeleka kuma-axiomatics ajwayelekile we-set theory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-axiomatics ye-set theory.
Ngo-1940, usosayensi wathuthela e-United States, lapho athola khona kalula isikhundla ePrinceton Institute for Advanced Study. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-13, waba nguprofesa.
Ngesikhathi se-biography, uKurt Gödel wayesevele enepasipoti yaseMelika. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuxoxwa wazama ukufakazela ukuthi umthethosisekelo waseMelika awukuqinisekisi ukuthi ubushiqela ngeke buvunyelwe, kepha wamiswa ngokushesha ngobuhlakani.
U-Gödel ungumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana ku-geometry ehlukile kanye ne-physics theory. Washicilela iphepha mayelana nobudlelwano obujwayelekile, lapho wethula khona indlela yokuxazulula izibalo zika-Einstein.
UKurt uphakamise ukuthi ukuhamba kwesikhathi endaweni yonke kungavulwa (imethrikhi kaGödel), okuyinkolelo-mbono engakushiyi ngaphandle ithuba lokuhamba kwesikhathi.
UKurt uxhumane no-Einstein impilo yakhe yonke. Ososayensi bakhulume isikhathi eside nge-physics, ipolitiki nefilosofi. Imisebenzi eminingi kaGödel ngombono wokuhlobana kube ngumphumela wezingxoxo ezinjalo.
Eminyakeni eyi-12 ngemuva kokushona kukaGödel, kwashicilelwa iqoqo lemibhalo yakhe yesandla engashicilelwe. Iphakamise imibuzo yefilosofi, yomlando, yesayensi neyemfundiso yenkolo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945), uKurt Gödel wasala engenamsebenzi, ngoba ngenxa yokuhlonyelwa kwe-Austria eJalimane, izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka eyunivesithi.
Ngokushesha usosayensi oneminyaka engu-32 ubudala wabizelwa inkonzo, ngenxa yalokho wanquma ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokushesha.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uKurt wayethandana nomdansi ogama lakhe lingu-Adele Porkert, amshada ngo-1938. Zazingekho izingane kulo mshado.
Ngisho nangaphambi komshado, uGödel wahlushwa izinkinga ezinkulu zengqondo. Wayevame ukukhathazeka ngokungenangqondo ngokuthize, akhombise ukusola okungajwayelekile, futhi abuye abe nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
UKurt Gödel wayekhathazekile ngokufakwa ubuthi. U-Adele wamsiza ukuba abhekane nezinkinga zengqondo. Wehlisa izibalo wamupha ngesipuni lapho elala ekhathele embhedeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kokuthuthela eMelika, uGödel wahlaselwa ngumcabango wokuthi angafakwa ubuthi yi-carbon monoxide. Ngenxa yalokho, wasusa isiqandisi nesi- radiator. Ukuthanda kwakhe umoya ohlanzekile nokukhathazeka ngesiqandisi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, isimo sikaGödel saba sibi nakakhulu. Wahlushwa ukubona izinto ezingekho futhi wayengabethembi odokotela nozakwabo.
Ngo-1976, umbono kaGödel wakhula kakhulu waze waqala ukumzonda unkosikazi wakhe. Wayehlala elashwa ezibhedlela, kepha lokhu akuzange kunikeze imiphumela ebonakalayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, impilo ka-Adele nayo yayisiwohloka, yingakho angeniswa esibhedlela. UKurt wayephelile engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Unyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wayenesisindo esingaphansi kwama-30 kg.
UKurt Gödel ushone ngoJanuwari 14, 1978 ePrinceton eneminyaka engama-71. Ukushona kwakhe kudalwe "ukungondleki nokumosha" okudalwe "ukuphazamiseka kobuntu."
Izithombe ze-Gödel
