Mnumzane UCharles Spencer (Charlie) Chaplin (1889-1977) - Umlingisi wefilimu waseMelika nowesiNgisi, umbhali wesikrini, umqambi, umqondisi wefilimu, umkhiqizi kanye nomhleli, umphathi jikelele webhayisikobho, umdali wesinye sezithombe ezidume kakhulu zebhayisikobho yomhlaba - isithombe samahlaya sonyathela uCharlie.
Ophumelele umklomelo we-Academy futhi ophumelele kabili ku-Oscar ohlonishwayo (1929, 1972).
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaChaplin, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaCharlie Chaplin.
I-biography kaChaplin
UCharles Chaplin wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 16, 1889 eLondon. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wabaculi uCharles Chaplin Sr. nomkakhe uHannah Chaplin.
Ngaphambi kokushada nobaba kaCharlie, uHana wazala ingane yakhe yokuqala, iSydney Hill. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva komshado wakhe, wanikeza iSydney isibongo - uChaplin.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuntwana bukaChaplin babubanjwe endaweni ejabule kakhulu. Unina wadlala ezigabeni zamathiyetha ahlukahlukene njengomdansi nomculi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhloko yomndeni yayine-baritone emnandi, ngenxa yalokho wayevame ukumenywa ukuthi acule emahholo omculo enhlokodolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uChaplin Sr. wayevame ukuhambela amazwe aseYurophu nase-United States.
Enye yezinhlekelele zokuqala ku-biography kaCharlie Chaplin yenzeke eneminyaka engu-12. Ubaba wakhe wabulawa ukuphuza ngokweqile, okwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwakhe eneminyaka engama-37 ubudala.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uCharlie omncane waqala ukudlala esiteji eneminyaka engu-5. Eqinisweni, waqala ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zamakhonsathi esikhundleni sikanina, owaphelelwa yizwi futhi wangabe esakwazi ukucula.
Izethameli bezilalele ngokukhulu ukujabula ukucula kwalo mfana, zimshayela ihlombe ziphonsa nemali esiteji.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, umama kaChaplin wahlanya, yingakho wafakwa ekwelashweni okuyimpoqo esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo. UCharlie noSyd bayiswa esikoleni sezintandane sendawo.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, abafana kwakudingeka baziphilise.
Lapho u-Chaplin eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, waqala ukudlala eqenjini lokudansa i-Eight Lancashire Boys. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho akwazi ukuhlekisa izethameli okokuqala, eveza ikati esiteji.
Ngemuva konyaka, uCharlie wanquma ukushiya iqembu. Wayengavamile ukuya esikoleni. Lapho zonke izingane zifunda, kwakudingeka athole imali ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ukuze ngandlela thile aphile.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, uChaplin waqala ukusebenza enkundleni yemidlalo. Ngokushesha waphathiswa indima kaBilly the messenger emdlalweni othi "Sherlock Holmes". Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lo mfana wayengakwazi ukufunda, ngakho-ke umfowabo wamsiza ukuba afunde indima.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1908, uCharlie Chaplin wamenyelwa eFred Carnot Theatre, lapho alungiselela khona ama-pantomimes amahholo omculo.
Kungekudala, le nsizwa iba ngomunye wabalingisi abahamba phambili enkundleni yemidlalo. Kanye neqembu, uChaplin uqala ukuvakasha ngenkuthalo emadolobheni nasemazweni ahlukahlukene.
Lapho lo mculi egcina eMelika, walithanda leli zwe kakhulu waze wanquma ukuhlala khona.
E-USA, uCharlie waqashelwa ngumdidiyeli wamafilimu uMac Sennett, owamnika umsebenzi estudiyo sakhe. Kamuva, kwasayinwa inkontileka nalo mfana onekhono, ngokusho kwesitudiyo esithi "Keystone" esiphoqelekile ukumkhokhela u- $ 600 ngenyanga.
Ekuqaleni umdlalo kaChaplin awuzange umenelise uMac, okuyisizathu esenze wafuna nokumxosha. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva konyaka uCharlie waba ngumculi oyinhloko nezintandokazi zabalaleli.
Kwake kwathi ngosuku olwandulela ukuqopha umdlalo wamahlaya othi "Children's Car Race", lo somahlaya wacelwa ukuthi azenzele yedwa. Kwakungaleso sikhathi ku-biography kaCharlie Chaplin lapho enza khona isithombe sakhe esidumile.
Lo mlingisi ugqoke ibhulukwe elibanzi, ijakhethi efakiwe, isigqoko esiphakeme nezicathulo ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wapenda amadevu akhe adumile ebusweni, okwaba wuphawu lwentengiso yakhe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Little Tramp yazuza umhlanga, owamnika amandla amaningi ezenzweni zakhe.
Lapho uCharlie Chaplin ethandwa kakhulu, wabona ukuthi angaba ngumbhali nomqondisi onethalente ukwedlula "abaphathi" bakhe.
Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, usomahlaya waqala ukusebenza. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1914, kudlalwé ifilimu ethi "Caught by the Rain", lapho uCharlie enza khona njengomlingisi wefilimu futhi okokuqala ngqa njengomqondisi nombhali wesikrini.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uChaplin wenza inkontileka nesitudiyo i- "Esseney Film", esimholela u- $ 5,000 ngenyanga kanye no- $ 10,000 ukusayina inkontileka. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa imali yomculi izokwenyuka cishe izikhathi eziyi-10.
Ngo-1917, uCharlie waqala ukusebenzisana neFirst National Studios. Ngokusayina inkontileka, wathola u- $ 1 million, eba ngumlingisi obiza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uChaplin unesitudiyo sakhe samafilimu, i-United Artists, lapho asebenza khona kwaze kwaba ngama-50s, lapho kufanele ashiye i-United States. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe yokudala, ukwazile ukushutha amafilimu amaningi, kufaka phakathi i- "Parisienne", "Gold Rush" ne- "City Lights".
UCharlie Chaplin uthole ibutho elikhulu labalandeli. Nomaphi lapho ayefika khona, izixuku zabantu zazigcwele yonke indawo zimlindele ukuthi azibonele ngawazo iTramp Little.
Isikhathi esithile umlingisi wayengenalo ikhaya lakhe, ngenxa yalokho waqasha ekhaya noma wahlala emahhotela. Ngo-1922 wazakhela isithabathaba somuzi eBeverly Hills, esasinamakamelo angama-40, i-cinema no-ogani.
Ifilimu yokuqala ezwakala ngokuphelele kwakuyiGreat Dictator (1940). Wabuye waba umdwebo wokugcina lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona isithombe sokunyathela uCharlie.
Ushushiso
Ngemuva kokukhonjiswa kwefilimu elwa noHitler The Great Dictator, uCharlie Chaplin wabhekana nokushushiswa okukhulu. Wayesolwa ngemisebenzi elwa neMelika kanye nokunamathela emibonweni yobukhomanisi.
I-FBI yamthatha ngokungathi sína lo mculi. Inani eliphakeme lokushushiswa lafika eminyakeni yama-40s, lapho ethula umdwebo wakhe olandelayo "Monsieur Verdou".
Abacwaningi bahlambalaza uChaplin ngokungabongi eMelika eyayimkhoselisile (akazange amukele ubuzwe baseMelika). Ngaphezu kwalokho, usomahlaya wayebizwa ngomJuda nangokhomanisi.
Yize kunjalo, umdlalo wamahlaya "Monsieur Verdou" uqokelwe i-Oscar ye-Best Screenplay.
UCharlie Chaplin waxoshwa e-United States ngo-1952 ngenkathi evakashele eNgilandi. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndoda yazinza edolobheni laseSwitzerland iVevey.
Ebona ukuthi angavinjelwa ukungena eMelika, uChaplin wakhipha amandla abameli kusengaphambili ngayo yonke impahla yakhe kumkakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, unkosikazi wathengisa yonke impahla, ngemuva kwalokho weza nezingane zakhe kumyeni wakhe eSwitzerland.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe, uCharlie Chaplin wayeshade amahlandla ama-4, lapho enezingane eziyi-12.
Umkakhe wokuqala kwakunguMildred Harris. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodana, uNorman, owashona cishe ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye cishe iminyaka emibili.
Okwesibili, uChaplin washada noLita Grey osemncane, ahlala naye iminyaka engu-4. Kulo mshado babenabafana ababili - uCharles noSydney. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kwesahlukaniso, le ndoda yakhokhela uGrey i- $ 800,000 emnandi!
Ngemuva kokuhlukana noLita, uCharlie washada noPaulette Goddard, ahlala naye iminyaka eyisithupha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuhlukana noChaplin, umbhali u-Erich Maria Remarque waba ngumyeni omusha kaPaulette.
Ngo-1943, uCharlie washada no-Una O'Neill okokugcina okungu-4. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umlingisi wayeneminyaka engama-36 emdala kunokhethiweyo wakhe. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane eziyisishiyagalombili.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokuba ashone, uCharlie Chaplin wahlonyuliswa yiNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth 2. UCharles Spencer Chaplin washona ngoDisemba 25, 1977 eneminyaka engama-88.
Umculi omkhulu kakhulu wangcwatshwa emathuneni asendaweni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu abahlaseli bemba ibhokisi likaChaplin befuna isihlengo ngalo.
Amaphoyisa akwazi ukugcina lezi zigebengu, ngemuva kwalokho ibhokisi lomufi laphinde langcwatshwa emathuneni aseSwitzerland iMeruz ngaphansi kukakhonkolo ongu-1.8 m.
Isithombe nguCharlie Chaplin
