Noma imuphi umuntu ovakashele ugu lolwandle olufudumele kungenzeka uhlangabezane ne-jellyfish (yize eminye i-jellyfish itholakala emanzini amasha). Kulezi zidalwa, ama-95% akhiwe ngamanzi, akukho okuncane okujabulisayo. Ngokuthintana ngqo, ayinabungozi ngangokunokwenzeka, yize ukuthinta okulula emzimbeni ofana ne-jellyfish akunakukwazi ukuveza imizwa emihle. Uma unebhadi, umhlangano ne-jellyfish ungaholela ekushiseni kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kukhona ukufa, kodwa ngenhlanhla akuvamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kumnandi ukuxhumana ne-jellyfish ngengilazi noma ngeso elibukhali.
1. Uma sisondela ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuqinile, lapho-ke azikho izilwane ezihlukile ezinegama "iMedusa". Leli gama ku-biology libizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokuphila kwamaseli ahlabayo - izilwane, izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 zazo ezihlanganiswe ubukhona bamaseli ahlabayo. Lawa maseli, akhipha izinto ezinobuthi obuhlukahlukene, asiza ababaleki ukuzingela nokulwa nezitha. I-Jellyfish ivela kubantu abadlayo ngemuva kwesizukulwane. Okokuqala, ama-polyps azalwa, bese kwakhiwa i-jellyfish kuwo. Lokho wukuthi, i-jellyfish ayizalwanga nge-jellyfish, ngakho-ke ayithathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
2. Uma ufaka amagama abamele umhlaba wezilwane ku-injini yokusesha ye-Yandex, emigqeni yokuqala yenkinga ungathola njalo isixhumanisi ekhasini le-Wikipedia elinikezelwe kulesi silwane. UMedusa akazange athole udumo olunjalo. Kukhona ukuxhumana nekhasi leMeduza, kepha leli khasi linikezelwe kusayithi eliphikisana nolimi lwesiRussia elizinze eLatvia.
3. Amaseli ahlabayo e-jellyfish, ngezindlela ezintathu zokwenza, izinhlobo ezintathu: ukunamathela, ukubhoboza, nokufana nokweqa. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela esebenza ngayo, bakhipha izikhali zabo ngejubane elikhulu nangesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ukugcwala ngokweqile okutholwa yintambo ehlabayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwesinye isikhathi kudlula izigidi ezi-5 g. Amaseli ahlabayo asebenza esitheni noma inyamazane enobuthi, okuvame ukukhetha kakhulu. Amaseli anamathelayo abamba isisulu esincane, anamathele kuwo, namaseli anjenge-loop amboza ukudla okuzayo ngejubane elimangalisayo.
4. Lawo maseli ahlabayo e-jellyfish asebenzisa ushevu njengendlela yokubhubhisa angabhekwa njengesikhali esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngisho neseli elinombandela obuthakathaka ngokweqile (ngokombono womuntu) liyakwazi ukubulala isidalwa ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziphindwe kasayizi ngobukhulu. Okuyingozi kakhulu kubantu i-box jellyfish. I-jellyfish ebizwa nge-sea wasp ihlala ngasogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia naseziqhingini eziseduze ne-Indonesia. Ubuthi bayo buqinisekisiwe ukubulala umuntu ngemizuzu emi-3. Into efihliwe amangqamuzana ahlabayo omnyovu wasolwandle isebenza ngasikhathi sinye enhliziyweni, esikhunjeni nasesimisweni somuntu sezinzwa. Enyakatho ne-Australia, amakhithi osizo lokuqala emikhunjini yokutakula afakwe umuthi wokulunywa yiminyovu yasolwandle, kepha imvamisa abatakuli abanaso nje isikhathi sokufaka umuthi. Kukholakala ukuthi okungenani umuntu oyedwa ngonyaka ubulawa ukulunywa yiminyovu yasolwandle. Njengendlela yokulwa neminyovu yasolwandle, kufakwa amashumi amakhilomitha othango lwenetha emabhishi ase-Australia.
5. Umbhukudi waseMelika uDiana Nyad iminyaka engama-35, kusukela ngonyaka we-1978, wazama ukubhukuda ibanga eliphakathi kweCuba nogu lwaseMelika. Umdlali wezemidlalo onesibindi wenza imizamo emihlanu yokunqoba ibanga elirekhodiwe elingu-170 km. Ngokuphikisana nalokho obekulindelwe, isithiyo esikhulu bekungewona oshaka, abamane bagcwala amanzi eGulf of Mexico. UNayyad uphazamise ukubhukuda kwakhe kabili ngenxa ye-jellyfish. NgoSepthemba 2011, ukusha okukodwa kokuthintana ne-jellyfish enkulu, okwakungaqashelwa abantu ababehamba nalokho kubhukuda, kwaphoqa uDiana ukuthi ayeke ukubhukuda. Wayesenamakhilomitha ayi-124 ngemuva kwakhe. Ngo-Agasti 2012, uNayyad wahlangana nomhlambi wonke we-jellyfish, wathola ukusha okungu-9, futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi amashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini lwase-US. Futhi kuphela ukubhukuda okwenzeka ngo-Agasti 31 - Septhemba 2, 2013, okwakungaphazanyiswa yi-jellyfish.
6. Ubuthi be-jellyfish kudala busetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Ubuthi obufihliwe ngamaseli ahlabayo bukhetha kakhulu. Imvamisa (yize kukhona okuhlukile) zinamandla okushaya ahambelana nosayizi wesisulu esijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo sezifundo zamaseli ahlabayo kanye nokwakheka kobuthi, izidakamizwa zingenziwa.
7. Ukuqala kuka-Israyeli "uCine'al" uhlela ukuqala ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamapayipi enhlanzeko yabesifazane namanabukeni. IJellyfish kuzoba yinto eluhlaza yemikhiqizo yokuqalisa. Umbono, obonakala sengathi ulele phezulu, wokuthi njengoba i-jellyfish ingamanzi angama-95%, izicubu zazo ezixhumanisayo kufanele zibe yi-adsorbent enhle kakhulu, yaqala yathunyelwa nguShahar Richter. Isisebenzi sase-Tel Aviv University kanye nozakwabo basungula into abayibiza nge- "Hydromash". Ukuyithola, inyama ye-jellyfish engenamanzi iyabola, futhi ama-nanoparticles angabhubhisa amabhaktheriya ayengezwa kusisindo esiwumphumela. Ingxube icutshungulwa ibe yinto ehlala isikhathi eside kodwa eguquguqukayo emunca inani elikhulu loketshezi. Ama-pads namanabukeni azokwenziwa ngalo mbhalo. Le ndlela izokwenza ukuthi kulahlwe izinkulungwane zamathani we-jellyfish minyaka yonke, izivakashi ezicasulayo nonjiniyela bamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Gidromash ibola ngokuphelele ngenyanga nje.
8. I-jellyfish ingaba nezindwangu eziningi, kepha kunembobo eyodwa kuphela ku-dome (ngaphandle kwe-Blue Jellyfish - lolu hlobo lunembobo yomlomo ekugcineni kwetende ngalinye ngalinye). Kusebenza kokubili ukondla, nokususa imfucuza emzimbeni, nokukhwelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amanye ama-jellyfish enza uhlobo lomdanso, lapho ahlangana khona nezinsimbi, kuthi owesilisa ahudule kancane kuye kuye.
9. Umbhali ovelele uSir Arthur Conan-Doyle uyaziwa, ngaphezu kwekhono lakhe, futhi nangeqiniso lokuthi wavumela amaphutha amaningi, njengezinyoka ezizwayo, encazelweni yabamele umhlaba wezilwane. Lokhu akususi ekufanelekeni kwemisebenzi yakhe. Esikhundleni salokho, ngisho nokunye okungenangqondo kwenza imisebenzi kaConan Doyle ithakazelise nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, endabeni ethi "The Lion's Mane" uSherlock Holmes wembula ukubulawa kwabantu ababili, okwenziwa yi-jellyfish ebizwa nge-Hairy Cyanea. Ukusha okwenziwe kumufi yile jellyfish kwakubukeka njengamamaki okushaywa kwesiswebhu. UHolmes, esizwa ngamanye amaqhawe endaba, wabulala u-cyanea ngokujikijela ucezu lwetshe kuye. Eqinisweni, i-Hairy Cyanea, eyi-jellyfish enkulu kunazo zonke, ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo (ikepisi elifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.5 ububanzi, amatende angaphezu kwamamitha angama-30 ubude) ayikwazi ukubulala umuntu. Ubuthi bayo, obenzelwe ukubulala i-plankton ne-jellyfish, bangela ukushisa okuncane nje kubantu. Izinwele zeCyanea zibeka ingozi ethile kulabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba.
10. IMedusa Turritopsis nutricula ngokombono wemibono yabantu ngempilo kungathathwa njengokungafi, yize ososayensi bewagwema amagama amakhulu kangaka. Lezi jellyfish zihlala ikakhulu ezilwandle ezishisayo. Ngemuva kokuthomba nemijikelezo eminingana yokukhwelana, yonke enye i-jellyfish iyafa. I-Turrotopsis, ngemuva kokukhwelana, ibuyela esimweni se-polyp. Ukusuka kule polyp jellyfish ikhula, okungukuthi, impilo ye-jellyfish efanayo iyaqhubeka kwi-hypostasis ehlukile.
11. Emuva engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, uLwandle Olumnyama lwaludume ngobuningi bezinhlanzi. Ibanjwe ngabadobi bawo wonke amazwe asogwini ngaphandle kwesifiso esithile sokuphepha kwezinhlobo. Kepha engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, izinqwaba zezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi izidalwa ezincane ezinjenge-anchovy ne-sprat, zaqala ukuncibilika phambi kwamehlo ethu. Lapho yonke imikhumbi yayivame ukudoba, izinhlanzi zazishiyelwa imikhumbi eyodwa kuphela. Ngokomkhuba othuthukile, ukwehliswa kwesitokwe sezinhlanzi kubangelwe ngumuntu ongcolisa uLwandle Olumnyama, bese kuthi, ngendlela yokudla, adobhe zonke izinhlanzi kulo. Amazwi anokuqonda anesizungu aminza ezimfuno zokunciphisa, ukwenqabela nokujezisa. Ngendlela enobungane, kwakungekho lutho olunqunyelwe - abadobi bashiya izindawo ezikahle kakhulu. Kepha isitoko sama-anchovies amnandi nama-sprats asikalulami. Ekucwaningweni okujulile kwale nkinga, kwavela ukuthi izinhlanzi zathathelwa indawo yi-jellyfish. Ngokuqondile, olunye lwezinhlobo zabo yi-Mnemiopsis. Lezi jellyfish azitholakalanga oLwandle Olumnyama. Cishe, bangena kuwo ezinhlelweni zokupholisa nasezingxenyeni ze-ballast zemikhumbi nemikhumbi. Izimo kwavela ukuthi zazifanele, kwakukhona ukudla okwanele, kanti abakwaMnemiopsis bacindezela izinhlanzi. Manje ososayensi baphikisana ngokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ngqo: noma ngabe i-jellyfish iyawadla amaqanda e-anchovy, noma ayamunca ukudla kwawo. Vele, umbono wokuthi uLwandle Olumnyama seluthandeka kakhulu kwi-jellyfish esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni bekuzobonakala.
12. Amehlo njengezitho ezihlukene ekuqondeni kwezinto eziphilayo okwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile awanayo i-jellyfish. Kodwa-ke, abahlaziyi ababukwayo bayatholakala. Kukhona ukukhula ngasemaphethelweni edome. Ziyabonakala. Ngaphansi kwazo kune-lens lens, futhi kujula ngisho nangaphezulu ungqimba lwamaseli azwela ukukhanya. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-jellyfish izokwazi ukufunda, kepha ingahlukanisa kalula phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi. Cishe okufanayo kuyasebenza kuzinsizakusebenza ze-vestibular. I-Jellyfish ayinazo izindlebe ngokujwayelekile nezindlebe zangaphakathi, kepha zinesitho sokuqala sokulinganisa. I-analogue efanayo kakhulu ibhamuza lomoya ketshezi ezingeni lokwakha. Ku-jellyfish, umgodi omncane ofanayo ugcwele umoya, lapho kuhamba khona ibhola elincane le-lime, licindezela ekugcineni kwezinzwa.
13. I-Jellyfish kancane kancane ibamba lonke i-World Ocean. Ngenkathi isibalo sabo emanzini embulungeni yonke singabalulekile, noma kunjalo, izingcingo zokuqala sezivele zizwakele. Ngaphezu kwakho konke i-jellyfish idala izinkinga kubanikazi bamandla. Ezifundeni ezisogwini, kukhethwa izitshalo zamandla ukuba zitholakale eduze nogu ukuze kusetshenziswe amanzi olwandle amahhala ukupholisa amayunithi. AmaJapane, njengoba wazi, eza nomqondo ngemuva kweChernobyl wokubeka ngisho nezikhungo zamandla enuzi ogwini. Amanzi adonswa kumasekethe okupholisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Kanye nayo, i-jellyfish iwela emapayipini. Amanethi avikelayo avikela amasistimu ezintweni ezinkulu eziwela kuwo awanamandla ekulweni ne-jellyfish - imizimba efana ne-jellyfish ye-jellyfish idabukile futhi ifakwa ezingxenyeni ezithile. Izinhlelo zokupholisa ezivalekile zingahlanzwa kuphela ngesandla, futhi kuthatha isikhathi nemali eningi. Lolu daba alukafiki nezehlakalo ezenzeka esikhungweni samandla enuzi, kepha ngoDisemba 1999, ngokwesibonelo, kwaba nokuphela kukagesi okuphuthumayo esiqhingini saseLuzon ePhilippines. Ngokunikwa isikhathi sesigameko (abaningi bebelindele ukuphela komhlaba) nendawo (isimo sezepolitiki ePhilippines sisekungazinzile kakhulu), kulula ukuhlola ubukhulu bokwethuka okuqubukile. Kepha empeleni, kwakuyi-jellyfish evimbe uhlelo lokupholisa lwesiteshi esincane kunazo zonke ezweni. Izinkinga nge-jellyfish zibuye zabikwa ngonjiniyela bamandla abavela eJapan, e-United States, Israel naseSweden.
14. EBurma, e-Indonesia, eChina, eJapan, eThailand, ePhilippines nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Asia, ama-jellyfish ayadliwa aze abhekwe njengesibiliboco. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamathani we-jellyfish abanjwa minyaka yonke kula mazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngisho namapulazi eChina agxile kakhulu ekutshalweni kwe- “food” jellyfish. Ngokuyinhloko, i-jellyfish - izindlu ezinamatende ahlukanisiwe - zomisiwe, zomisiwe futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, okungukuthi, izinqubo zokucubungula ziyafana nokuphathwa kwethu ngamakhowe. Amasaladi, ama-noodle, u-ayisikhilimu ngisho ne-caramel enziwa nge-jellyfish. AmaJapane adla i-jellyfish ngokwemvelo ngokuyisonga ngamaqabunga oqalo. Ngokwethiyori, i-jellyfish ibhekwa njengelusizo kakhulu emzimbeni - iqukethe izinto eziningi ze-iodine nezokulandela umkhondo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-jellyfish ngayinye nsuku zonke "ihlunga" amathani amaningi wamanzi olwandle. Ngobumsulwa bamanje boLwandle Lomhlaba, lokhu akunakuthathwa njengenzuzo. Noma kunjalo, uLisa-Ann Gershwin, umbhali wencwadi ehlonishwayo ethi "Stung: On the Blossoming of Jellyfish and the Future of the Ocean," ukholelwa ukuthi ubuntu bungasindisa izilwandle kwi-jellyfish kuphela uma ziqala ukuzidla.
15. I-jellyfish yandizela emkhathini. UDkt. Dorothy Spangenberg wase-American University of East Virginia ubonakala enombono ophansi ngezinhlobo zakhe. Ukuze kucwaningwe ngomthelela wamandla adonsela phansi ezakhiweni zabantu abazalelwe emkhathini, uDkt Spangenberg ngasizathu simbe wakhetha i-jellyfish - izidalwa ezingenanhliziyo, ubuchopho nohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Ubuholi beNASA buye ukuyohlangabeza yena, kwathi ngo-1991 cishe ama-3,000 jellyfish angena esikhaleni esikhumulweni somkhumbi esasisebenziseka kabusha iColumbia. I-Jellyfish yasinda endizeni ngokuphelele - cishe izikhathi ezingama-20 ngaphezulu kwabo zabuyela eMhlabeni. Inzalo yahlukaniswa ngempahla uSpangenberg ayibiza nge-pulsation anomaly. Kalula nje, i-space jellyfish ibingazi ukuthi ungahamba kanjani esikhaleni usebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi.
16. Inqwaba yezinhlobo ze-jellyfish ziyabhukuda zinamatende phansi. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu, yiCassiopeia Andromeda kuphela ehlukile. Le jellyfish enhle kakhulu ihlala kuphela ngaphezu kwezixhobo zamakhorali oLwandle Olubomvu. Ngaphandle, ayifani ne-jellyfish, kepha ingadi enhle yangaphansi kwamanzi etholakala epulatifomu eliyindilinga.
17. Iningi lamaFulentshi cishe belingenakukhathazeka uma i-frigate ebizwa ngokuthi "iMedusa" ingakaze ibe khona, noma okungenani ingakaze ikhumbule ngayo. Indaba ebuhlungu kabi ixhunyaniswe noMeduza. Lo mkhumbi, owalandela ehlobo lika-1816 usuka eFrance usiya eSenegal, wawuthwala izikhulu zokuphatha kwamakholoni, amasosha kanye nabahlali. NgoJulayi 2, uMeduza wagijima ngamakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka ogwini lwase-Afrika. Umkhumbi awukwazanga ukususwa ekujuleni, waqala ukuwa ngaphansi kwamagagasi, okwethusa ukwesaba. Izisebenzi nomgibeli bakha isihlenga esikhulu, lapho bakhohlwe ukuthatha okungenani ikhampasi. I-raft bekufanele idonswe yizikebhe, lapho, khona-ke, izikhulu zasolwandle kanye nezikhulu zihleli. Isihlenga sasihudulwa isikhashana - ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sesiphepho, abaphathi balahla amacala abo, basika izintambo zokudonsa futhi bafika ogwini ngokuthula. Isihogo sangempela sagqashuka esihlahleni. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, kwaqala umkhuba wokubulala, ukuzibulala nokudla abantu. Emahoreni ambalwa nje, abantu abayi-150 baphenduka izilwane ezomele igazi. Babulalana bodwa ngezikhali, badudulana basusa isihlenga bangena emanzini balwela indawo esondele enkabeni. Le nhlekelele yathatha izinsuku eziyi-8 yaphela ngokunqoba kweqembu elalisondelene labantu abangu-15 abasala esihlahleni. Athathwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4. Kuthiwa “amakhosi asentabeni” ayisihlanu abulawa “ukudla obekungajwayeleki” beya eFrance. Kubantu abangu-240, abangu-60 basinda, iningi labasindile kwakungamaphoyisa nezikhulu ezeqile. Ngakho igama elithi "Medusa" laba elesiFulentshi elifana nomqondo "wenhlekelele embi."
18. KuneJellyfish Museum eKiev. Ivulwe muva nje futhi ingena emakamelweni amathathu amancane. Kungaba okulungile kakhulu ukubiza umbukiso ngombukiso - kumane nje kuyisethi yama-aquariums angaba ngu-30 anamapuleti amancane achazayo. Kepha uma ingxenye yokuqonda yomnyuziyamu iyaxhuga, khona-ke ngobuhle konke kubukeka kukuhle. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okupinki kukusiza ukuthi ubone imininingwane emincane ye-jellyfish futhi kufane kahle nokunyakaza kwabo okubushelelezi. Imisindo ekhethwe kamnandi emahholo, futhi kubonakala sengathi i-jellyfish iyayidansela. Azikho izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu noma ezinkulu kakhulu eziboniswayo, kepha kukhona ama-jellyfish anele atholakalayo ukuthola umbono wokuhluka kwalezi zidalwa.
19. Ukuhamba kwe-jellyfish kunengqondo ngokweqile. Ukuhamba kancane kwabo kwangaphandle kubangelwa kuphela ukumelana nemvelo kanye nobucayi be-jellyfish uqobo. Ukuhamba, i-jellyfish kudla amandla amancane kakhulu. Lokhu kunengqondo, kanye nokwakheka komzimba we-jellyfish, kwanika uDkt Lee Ristrof waseNew York University umqondo wokwakha indiza engajwayelekile.Ngaphandle, irobhothi elindizayo alibukeki njenge-jellyfish - liyisakhiwo samaphiko amane enenjini encane kanye nezindlela ezilula zokulwa - kepha liyigcina lilinganile njenge-jellyfish. Ukubaluleka kwalesi sibonelo ezindizayo ukuthi “i-jellyfish endizayo” ayidingi izinhlelo zokuqinisa izindiza ezibizayo, ezisindayo nezisebenzisa amandla.
20. Amajeli ayalala. Lesi sitatimende singabonakala njengokuphakama okungenangqondo, ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi kuphela izilwane ezinomsebenzi ophakeme wezinzwa ezilalayo. Kodwa-ke, abafundi baseCalifornia Institute of Technology, bebona ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi i-jellyfish isabela ngendlela ehlukile ekuthinteni okufanayo, banquma ukubheka ukuthi ngabe lezi zidalwa zilele yini. Okokuhlola, iCassiopeia Andromeda esivele isetshenzisiwe isetshenzisiwe. Le jellyfish ngezikhathi ezithile ilahla imfucuza emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo lwe-pulsation lwalunokuvama kokukhishwa okungu-60 emini. Ebusuku, imvamisa yehle yaya ku-39 pulsations. Esigabeni sesibili socwaningo, i-jellyfish yakhushulwa ngokushesha kusuka ekujuleni cishe kuze kube ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi iphapheme, i-jellyfish yasabela cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, yaphindela emuva kukholamu lamanzi. Ebusuku kubathathe isikhathi esithile ukuqala ukudilika emuva. Futhi uma bengavunyelwe ukulala ebusuku, i-jellyfish yasabela ngobuvila ukuthinta usuku olulandelayo.
