Kusukela endulo, abantu bebelwa namabhubesi, besaba futhi behlonipha lezi zilwane ezinhle. Ngisho nasembhalweni weBhayibheli, amabhubesi kukhulunywa ngawo izikhathi eziningana, futhi, ikakhulukazi, esimweni esihloniphayo, yize abantu bengaboni lutho oluhle kwesinye sezilwane eziyingozi emhlabeni - baqala ukuthambisa amabhubesi (kanti futhi kunemibandela ethile) kuphela ngekhulu le-19 futhi babhekele izethulo kuphela isekisi. Bonke ubudlelwano bomuntu namabhubesi emvelweni yangempela buhambisana nombono othi "bulala - ubulawe - ubaleke".
Okukhulu - kuze kufike ku-2,5 m ubude, i-1.25 m ibuna - ikati elinesisindo esingaphansi kwama-250 kg, ngenxa yejubane lalo, ubuhlakani nokuhlakanipha, cishe lingumshini ofanele wokubulala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ibhubesi leduna alidingi ngisho nokuchitha amandla ekuzingeleni - imizamo yezinsikazi ilingene ngokwanele. Ibhubesi, elihlale iminyaka yobudala obuphakathi (kulokhu, iminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala), ikakhulu libandakanyeka ekuvikeleni indawo nokuziqhenya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhubesi azivumelanisa kahle nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo. Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi e-Afrika, eminyakeni eyomile, amabhubesi asinda kalula ekwehleni kokudla futhi angabamba nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kakhulu. Okwamabhubesi, ukutholakala kwendawo eluhlaza noma amanzi akubalulekile. Kodwa amabhubesi awakwazanga ukuzivumelanisa nokuba khona komuntu ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala. Kamuva nje - ku-Aristotle, amabhubesi ahlala endle ayelukuluku, kepha hhayi izinganekwane zasendulo - ayehlala eningizimu yeYurophu, eNtshonalanga naseCentral Asia nakuyo yonke i-Afrika. Sekuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nenani lamabhubesi kwehle ngemiyalo emikhulu yobukhulu. Omunye wabaphenyi waphawula ngomunyu ukuthi manje sekulula ukubona ibhubesi eYurophu - kunoma yiliphi idolobha elikhulu kune-zoo noma isekisi - kunase-Afrika. Kepha abantu abaningi, vele, bancamela ukubheka amabhubesi asesiqiwini ethubeni lokuhlangana nalezi zimvu zamanzi nezikati empilweni yangempela.
1. Isimo senhlalo yokuphila kwamabhubesi sibizwa ngokuziqhenya. Leli gama alisetshenziswanga nhlobo ukuze ngandlela thile lihlukanise amabhubesi kwezinye izilwane. Ukufanelana okunjalo akuvamile kwezinye izilwane. Ukuziqhenya akuwona umndeni, hhayi isizwe, kepha futhi akuwona umndeni. Le yindlela eguquguqukayo yokuhlangana kwamabhubesi ezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene, eguqukayo kuye ngezimo zangaphandle. Amabhubesi ayi-7-8 nabantu abangafika ku-30 babonwe ekuziqhenyeni. Kukhona njalo umholi kuye. Ngokungafani nabantu, isikhathi sokubusa kwakhe silinganiselwe kuphela ngamandla okumelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane ezisencane. Esikhathini esiningi, umholi wokuziqhenya uxosha amabhubesi wesilisa kuye, ekhombisa okungenani ukuthambekela okuncane kokubamba amandla. Amabhubesi axoshiwe aya esinkweni samahhala. Kwesinye isikhathi bayabuya bathathe indawo yomholi. Kepha kaningi amabhubesi ashiye ngaphandle kokuziqhenya afa.
2. Ngokungafani nezindlovu, iningi labantu eliqothulwe futhi eliqhubeka nokuqothulwa abazingeli abangekho emthethweni, izingonyama zihlupheka kakhulu ngabantu "abanokuthula". Ukuzingela amabhubesi, noma njengengxenye yeqembu elihlelekile elinabaqondisi bendawo, kuyingozi enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nokuzingela izindlovu, cishe, ngaphandle kokuzoxoxwa ngezansi, cishe akulethi nzuzo. Isikhumba, empeleni, singabekwa phansi eziko, nekhanda lingilengiswa odongeni. Kepha izindebe ezinjalo ziyivelakancane, kanti amazinyo endlovu angathengiswa ngamakhulu amakhilogremu acishe acishe isisindo sawo ngegolide. Ngakho-ke, noFrederick Cartney Stilous, ngenxa yakhe abangaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ababulala amabhubesi, noma iBoer Petrus Jacobs, eyabulala izidlova ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayikhulu, noma i-Cat Dafel, eyadubula izingonyama eziyi-150, ayenzanga umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bezingonyama, okwathi ngawo-1960 kwalinganiselwa ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhanda. ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, eKruger National Park eNingizimu Afrika, lapho amabhubesi ayevunyelwe ukudutshulwa khona ukuze kulondolozwe ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, inani lamabhubesi laze landa ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa. Umsebenzi womnotho womuntu uthinta kakhulu inani lamabhubesi.
3. Kungashiwo ukuthi zimbalwa izingonyama ezisele, kanti empeleni zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzindla ngeke kuliguqule iqiniso lokuthi abantu abagcina imindeni elula namabhubesi bezungeza abakwazi ukusinda. Izinkomo noma izinyathi ezihamba kancane nezinamahloni ziyohlala njalo ziyizisulu ezifiselekayo zebhubesi kunezinyamazane noma amadube asheshayo futhi ashesha. Futhi inkosi egulayo yezilwane ngeke yenqabe inyama yomuntu. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi cishe onke amabhubesi, ababulali babantu abaningi, bahlushwa ukubola kwamazinyo. Kubalimaze ukuhlafuna inyama enzima yezilwane ze-savannah. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi labo bantu abayishumi nambili ababulawa yingonyama efanayo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ibhuloho eKenya kuzoba lula uma bethola ukuthi umbulali wabo ubulawa ukubola kwamazinyo. Abantu bazoqhubeka nokufaka amabhubesi ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, ezihlala zincipha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amakhosi ezilwane ayosinda eziqiwini kuphela.
4. Amabhubesi abelana ngesithupha sokuqagela esisheshayo phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane nensephe no-wildebeest kaThompson. Le trio iyakwazi ukusheshisa iye kumakhilomitha angama-80 ngehora ngenkathi izingela noma ibalekela ukuzingela. Ama-pronghorn antelopes kuphela (afinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km / h) nama-cheetah agijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Abazala bamabhubesi emndenini we-feline bangakhipha isivinini esingu-120 km / h. Kuyiqiniso, ngaleli jubane, i-cheetah igijima imizuzwana embalwa nje, ichitha cishe wonke amandla omzimba. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ngempumelelo, i-cheetah kufanele iphumule okungenani isigamu sehora. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi amabhubesi abeseduze ngalesi sikhathi sokuphumula afanele inyamazane yengulule.
5. Amabhubesi angompetha bomhlaba ophilayo ngokuqina kokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, esivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6, ibhubesi likhwelana izikhathi ezingama-40 ngosuku, ngenkathi likhohlwa ngokudla. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisibalo esimaphakathi. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kukhombisile ukuthi elinye lamabhubesi lalala izikhathi ezingama-157 esikhathini esingaphezudlwana nje kwezinsuku ezimbili, futhi isihlobo salo lajabulisa amabhubesikazi amabili izikhathi ezingama-86 ngosuku, okungukuthi, kumthathe cishe imizuzu engama-20 ukuthi alulame. Ngemuva kwalezi zibalo, akumangazi ukuthi amabhubesi akwazi ukuzala ngenkuthalo ezimweni ezingezinhle kakhulu ekuthunjweni.
6. Inhlanzi yebhubesi ayifani nakancane negama layo. Lesi sakhamuzi semifula yamakhorali sabizwa ngegama lesilwane ngokuthi ukuminza kwaso. Mangisho ukuthi isidlaliso sifanelwe. Uma ingonyama yomhlaba ingadla okulingana no-10% wesisindo sayo somzimba ngasikhathi, izinhlanzi zigwinya kalula futhi zidle izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezinosayizi ofanayo. Futhi, futhi, ngokungafani nebhubesi lasemhlabeni, inhlanzi, leyo ngombala wayo omthende ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yedube, iqede inhlanzi eyodwa, ayimi futhi ayilali phansi ukuze yamunce ukudla. Ngakho-ke, i-lionfish ibhekwa njengengaba yingozi kuzinto eziphilayo zemifula yamakhorali - inamandla kakhulu. Futhi umehluko omibili kusuka kubhubesi lomhlabathi amathiphu anobuthi wamaphiko nenyama emnandi kakhulu. Futhi ingonyama yolwandle iyisigxivizo, okubhonga kwayo kufana nokubhonga kwengonyama yomhlaba.
7. Inkosi yamanje yaseNingizimu Afrika yase-Eswatini (phambilini eyayiyiSwaziland, izwe laqanjwa kabusha ukuze kugwemeke ukudideka neSwitzerland) uMswati III wangena esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1986. Ngokwesiko lakudala, ukuze kuhanjiswane ngokuphelele namandla akhe, inkosi kumele ibulale ibhubesi. Kube nenkinga - ngaleso sikhathi kwakungasekho mabhubesi asele embusweni. Kodwa imithetho yamadlozi ingcwele. UMswati waya eKruger National Park lapho kungatholakala khona ilayisense yokudubula ibhubesi. Ngokuthola ilayisense, inkosi yafeza isiko lakudala. Ibhubesi "elinamalayisense" kuvele ukuthi lajabula - yize kwakukhona imibhikisho ephikisayo ephikiswa kaningi, uMswati III ubephethe izwe lakhe ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuphila ngisho nase-Afrika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.
8. Esinye sezizathu esenza ibhubesi libizwe ngenkosi yezilwane ukubhonga kwalo. Kungani ingonyama yenza lo msindo owesabekayo namanje akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Imvamisa, ibhubesi liqala ukubhonga ngehora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, futhi ikhonsathi layo liqhubeka isikhathi esingangehora. Ukubhonga kwebhubesi kunomthelela wokukhubaza kumuntu, lokhu kuphawulwe ngabahambi abezwa ngokungazelelwe ukubhonga kuseduze ngokwanele. Kepha laba bahambi abafanayo abazifakazeli izinkolelo zabomdabu, ngokusho ukuthi amabhubesi akhubaza izisulu ezingaba khona ngale ndlela. Imihlambi yamadube nezinyamazane, lapho izwa ukubhonga kwebhubesi, ziyayixwaya emizuzwaneni yokuqala kuphela, bese ziqhubeka nokudla ngokuthula. Umbono ocatshangelwe kakhulu ubonakala sengathi ibhubesi liyabhonga, okukhombisa ukuba khona kwalo kwabanye besizwe.
9. Umbhali wendaba ethinta inhliziyo kakhulu ngamabhubesi nabantu usabulawa, ngokunokwenzeka kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwebhubesi, uJoy Adamson.Umdabu waseCzech Republic yamanje, kanye nomyeni wakhe, wasindisa amawundlu amathathu ezingonyama ekufeni. Ababili bathunyelwa e-zoo, kanti omunye wakhuliswa nguJoy walungiselela impilo yabantu abadala endle. U-Lioness Elsa waba yi-heroine yezincwadi ezintathu nefilimu. KuJoy Adamson, uthando lwamabhubesi lwaphela ngenhlekelele. Wabulawa yingonyama, noma ngungqongqoshe wezesiqiwi owathola udilikajele.
10. Amabhubesi anokulibekezelela okukhulu ikhwalithi yokudla. Yize benesithunzi sobukhosi, zondla kalula izidumbu, okuyizinga elibi kakhulu lokubola, okuyinto ngisho nezimpisi ezikudelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhubesi adla izidumbu ezibolile hhayi kuphela ezindaweni lapho ukudla kwazo kwemvelo kunqunyelwe yizimo zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiqiwini i-Etosha National Park, esiseNamibia, ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-anthrax, kwavela ukuthi amabhubesi awahlushwa yilesi sifo esibulalayo. Esiqiwini esigcwele abantu, kwahlelwa uhlobo oluthile lwemisele yokuhambisa amanzi, eyayisebenza njengezitsha zokuphuza izilwane. Kuvele ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ondla izitsha zokuphuza angcoliswe yizinhlamvu ze-anthrax. Kwaqala inhlupho enkulu yezilwane, kepha i-anthrax ayisebenzi kumabhubesi, idla izilwane eziwile.
11. Umjikelezo wempilo wamabhubesi mfushane, kodwa ugcwele izehlakalo. Izinyane lamabhubesi liyazalwa, njengama-feline amaningi, alikwazi ukuzisiza futhi lidinga ukunakekelwa isikhathi eside. Kwenziwa hhayi ngumama kuphela, kepha futhi yibo bonke abesifazane bokuziqhenya, ikakhulukazi uma umama ekwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo. Wonke umuntu wehlisa izingane, ngisho nabaholi bayakubekezelela ukudlala kwabo ngothando. I-apogee yokubekezela iza ngonyaka. Amathole ebhubesi akhule avamise ukonakalisa ukuzingelwa kwesizwe ngomsindo ongadingekile nokuxokozela, futhi kaningi icala liphela ngoswazi olufundisayo. Futhi cishe eneminyaka emibili, intsha esikhulile iyaxoshwa ekuziqhenyeni - iba yingozi kakhulu kumholi. Amabhubesi amancane azulazula i-savannah aze avuthwe ngokwanele ukuxosha umholi ekuziqhenyeni okuvele ngaphansi kwengalo. Noma, okwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, ukungafi empini nelinye ibhubesi. Umholi omusha uvamise ukubulala zonke izinto ezincane ngokuziqhenya okungokwakhe - ngaleyo ndlela igazi liyavuselelwa. Abesifazane abasebasha nabo bayaxoshwa emhlambini - babuthakathaka kakhulu noma bamane nje bangaphezu kwamandla, uma inani labo ekuziqhenyeni liba ngaphezu kwelilungile. Empilweni enjalo, ibhubesi eliphile iminyaka engu-15 libhekwa njenge-aksakal yasendulo. Ekuthunjweni, amabhubesi angaphila isikhathi esiphindwe kabili. Enkululekweni, ukufa kusukela ekugugeni akusongeli izingonyama namabhubesikazi. Abantu abadala nabagulayo bashiya ukuziqhenya ngokwabo, noma baxoshwe. Ukuphela kuyabikezelwa - ukufa kungaba kusuka ezihlotsheni noma ezandleni zezinye izilwane ezizingelayo.
12. Kulezo ziqiwi kanye neziqiwi, lapho kuvunyelwe khona izivakashi, amabhubesi asheshe abonise ikhono lawo lokucabanga. Ngisho namabhubesi alethwe noma afike ngokwawo, vele esizukulwaneni sesibili, awabanaki abantu. Imoto ingadlula phakathi kwamabhubesi amadala namazinyane athamele ilanga, futhi amabhubesi ngeke aze ajike amakhanda. Izingane kuphela ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ezibonisa ilukuluku elikhulu, kepha la mazinyane abheka abantu ngokungathi banqikaza, ngesithunzi. Ukuzola okunjalo kwesinye isikhathi kudlala ihlaya elinonya namabhubesi. EQueen Elizabeth National Park, yize kunezinombolo eziningi kakhulu zezimpawu zokuxwayisa, amabhubesi avame ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ngokusobala, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuthambekela kweminyaka eyinkulungwane kuvela ukuthi kunamandla kunekhono elitholakele - ezilwaneni zasendle ibhubesi linikela ngendlovu kuphela futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, nobhejane. Imoto ayifakiwe kulolu hlu olufushane.
13. Uhlobo lwakudala lwe-symbiosis yamabhubesi nezimpisi luthi: amabhubesi abulala inyamazane yawo, azihoshele, futhi izimpisi zingene ngesidumbu ngemuva kokudla amabhubesi. Idili labo liyaqala, lihambisana nemisindo esabekayo. Isithombe esinjalo, yiqiniso, sithopha amakhosi ezilo. Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, konke kwenzeka ngokuhlukile. Ukubheka kukhombisile ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-80% ama-hyena adla kuphela inyamazane ababulala yona uqobo. Kodwa amabhubesi alalelisise "izingxoxo" zezimpisi futhi ahlala eduze nendawo azingela kuyo. Lapho nje izimpisi zingqongqotha inyamazane yazo, amabhubesi azixosha futhi aqale ukudla. Futhi isabelo sabazingeli yikho okungadliwa ngamabhubesi.
14. Ngenxa yamabhubesi, iSoviet Union yonke yayazi umndeni wakwaBerberov. Inhloko yomndeni wakwaLev ibizwa ngomakhi odumile, yize kungekho lwazi mayelana nempumelelo yakhe yokwakha. Umndeni waduma ngokuthi ingonyama King, eyasindiswa ekufeni, yayihlala kuyo ngawo-1970. AbakwaBerberov bamyisa efulethini ledolobha eBaku eseyingane futhi bakwazi ukuphuma. U-King waba yisihlabani se-movie - wadutshulwa kumafilimu amaningana, edume kakhulu kuwo kwakuyi "The Incredible Adventures of Italy in Russia." Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwefilimu, abakwaBerberov noNkosi babehlala eMoscow, kwesinye sezikole. Eshiywe enganakiwe imizuzu eminingana, u-King wakhipha ingilazi wagijimela enkundleni yezemidlalo yesikole. Lapho wahlasela insizwa eyayidlala ibhola. Umshushisi osemusha wezempi u-Alexander Gurov (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzoba ngu-lieutenant general kanye nomfanekiso weqhawe likaN. Leonov), owayedlula eduze, wadubula ibhubesi. Ngemva konyaka, abakwaBerberov baba nengonyama entsha. Imali yokuthengwa kweNkosi II yaqoqwa ngosizo lukaSergei Obraztsov, uYuri Yakovlev, uVladimir Vysotsky nabanye abantu abadumile. NgeNkosi yesibili, konke kwavela kwaba kubi kakhulu. NgoNovemba 24, 1980, ngesizathu esingaziwa, wahlasela uRoman Berberov (indodana), kwase kuba yinkosikazi uNina Berberova (inhloko yomndeni washona ngo-1978). Owesifazane wasinda, umfana washonela esibhedlela. Futhi kulokhu impilo yebhubesi yanqanyulwa inhlamvu yamaphoyisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphoqeleli bezomthetho babenenhlanhla - uma uGurov edubula sonke isiqeshana eKing, edubula endaweni ephephile, iphoyisa laseBaku lashaya uKing II enhliziyweni ngenhlamvu yokuqala. Le nhlamvu kungenzeka isindise izimpilo.
15. I-Field Museum of Natural History eseChigako ikhombisa amabhubesi amabili agxishiwe. Ngaphandle, isici sabo isici ukungabikho kwemane - imfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yezingonyama zesilisa. Kodwa akubukeki okwenza izingonyama zaseChicago zixakeke. Ngesikhathi kusakhiwa ibhuloho elingaphezu koMfula iTsavo, ogeleza unqamule insimu eseKenya manje, amabhubesi abulala okungenani abantu abangama-28. "Minimum" - ngoba amaNdiya amaningi alahlekile aqale abalwa ngumphathi wezokwakha uJohn Patterson, owagcina ebulele amabhubesi. Amabhubesi nawo abulala abanye abamnyama, kepha, ngokusobala, awazange abhalwe ngisho nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kamuva kakhulu, uPatterson walinganisela isibalo sabashonile saba ngu-135. Uhlobo olulingiswe futhi oluhlotshisiwe lwendaba yamahlosi amabili adla abantu lungatholakala ngokubuka ifilimu ethi "Ghost and Darkness", lapho uMichael Douglas noVal Kilmer badlala khona.
16. Usosayensi odumile, umhloli wamazwe nesithunywa sevangeli uDavid Livingston wacishe wafa ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe ovelele. Ngo-1844, ingonyama yahlasela iNgilandi nabangane bayo bendawo. ULivingston wadubula lesi silwane wasishaya. Kodwa-ke, ibhubesi lalinamandla kangangokuba lakwazi ukufika kuLivingstone futhi lazibamba ehlombe. Umcwaningi usindiswe ngomunye wama-Afrika, waphazamisa ibhubesi kuye. Ibhubesi likwazile ukulimaza abanye abangane bakaLivingston ababili, kwathi ngemuva kwalokho lawa phansi lashona. Wonke umuntu ibhubesi likwazile ukulilimaza, ngaphandle kukaLivingstone uqobo, owabulawa ubuthi begazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNgilandi yathi ukusindiswa kwayo okuyisimangaliso yindwangu yaseScotland okwakuthungwe kuyo izingubo zayo. Yile ndwangu evimbele, ngokusho kukaLivingston, amagciwane avela emazinyweni ebhubesi ukuthi angangeni emanxebeni akhe.Kodwa isandla sokudla sikasosayensi sasikhubazekile impilo yonke.
17. Umfanekiselo omuhle kakhulu womqondo wokuthi indlela eya esihogweni ivulwe ngezinhloso ezinhle isiphetho samabhubesi amasekisi uJose noLiso. Amabhubesi azalelwa ekuthunjweni futhi asebenza esekisini enhlokodolobha yasePeru, iLima. Mhlawumbe ngabe basebenza kuze kube namuhla. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2016, uJose noLiso baba nebhadi lokubanjwa ngabavikeli bezilwane be-Animal Defenders International. Izimo zokuphila kwamabhubesi zazithathwa njengezimbi - amakheji aminyene, ukungondleki kahle, abasebenzi abadelelayo - kwaqala ukulwa ngamabhubesi. Impela, kwagcina ngokunqoba okungenamibandela kwezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane, ababenengxabano eyadlula yonke into - bashaya amabhubesi esitokisini! Ngemuva kwalokho umnikazi wamabhubesi waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlukane nawo esatshiswa ngokujeziswa. U-Lvov wayiswa e-Afrika futhi wayohlaliswa esiqiwini. UJose noLiso abazidlanga izipho zenkululeko isikhathi eside - kakade ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 2017 babefakwe ushevu. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bathathe amakhanda nezidladla zamabhubesi kuphela, bashiya ezinye izidumbu. Abathakathi base-Afrika basebenzisa izidladla zamabhubesi namakhanda ukuqamba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi. Manje mhlawumbe lena ukuphela kwendlela yokusebenzisa ukuhweba ngamabhubesi abulewe.
