Mhlawumbe ayikho inyoni ehlonishwayo nedumile njengokhozi phakathi kwabantu. Kunzima ukungasihloniphi isidalwa esinamandla esikwazi ukundiza amahora amaningi eziqongweni ezingafinyeleleki, silawula isimo endaweni esihlala kuyo noma sibheke isisulu saso.
Ukhozi aluthembele kwezinye izidalwa, okhokho bethu abazibona kudala. Abanye abamele umhlaba wezilwane, lapho kuvela isidalwa esinamaphiko esibhakabhakeni, ngokushesha balwela ukufihla endaweni eseduze engafinyeleleki - amandla okhozi ukuthi akwazi ukudonsa inyamazane, isisindo sayo esiphindwe izikhathi ezimbalwa kunesakhe.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlonipha umuntu kuyinto engabongi, futhi kugcina lapho imali engenayo elula isondela. Ngenkathi zaziningi izinkozi, zazizingelwa ngomdlandla ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo - ukhozi olugxishiwe lwaluyisihlobiso sanoma yiliphi ihhovisi elihloniphekile, futhi akuwona wonke ama-zoo ayengaziqhayisa ngokhozi olubukhoma - babengazi ukuthi bazondla kanjani nokuthi kanjani, ngakho-ke izinkozi zazivame ukushintshwa ngenxa yokwehla kwemvelo. ... Lapho-ke inzuzo iyekile ukubalwa ngamashumi amashumi amadola - kwaqala inguquko yezimboni. U-Orlov ubiyelwe ngocingo, ujantshi nezintambo zikagesi. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlonipho yangaphandle yamakhosi ezinyoni yagcinwa, ngoba le nhlonipho yanikezwa thina ngabantu basendulo ...
Kungamashumi eminyaka amuva nje kuphela lapho imizamo yokulondolozwa kwabantu bokhozi (kusukela esigwebweni sokubulawa ngokubulala ukhozi ePhilippines kuya ekuboshweni kwezinyanga eziyisithupha e-United States) seyiqalile ukuzinzisa nokwandisa inani lalezi zinyoni ezinhle. Mhlawumbe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, abantu abangahlobene ne-ornithology bazokwazi ukubona imikhuba yezinkozi ezimweni zemvelo, ngaphandle kokwenza uhambo lwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane oluya ezindaweni ezikude.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkozi kuze kube muva nje kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zalezi zinyoni. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, izifundo zamangqamuzana ze-DNA yokhozi zenziwa eJalimane, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kudinga ukucutshungulwa okunzulu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla izinkozi zihlanganiswe ndawonye zibe izinhlobo eziyi-16.
2. Ukubambezeleka kokhozi olukhuphukayo kuyabonakala. Empeleni, ngenkathi indiza, izinkozi zihamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-200 km / h. Futhi lezi zinyoni zibonakala zihamba kancane ngenxa yokuphakama kwendiza - izinkozi zikwazi ukukhuphuka zifike ku-9 km. Ngasikhathi sinye, babona kahle konke okwenzeka phansi futhi bayakwazi ukugxila kumbono wabo ezintweni ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye. Ijwabu leso elingesobala elengeziwe livikela amehlo ezinkozi emimoyeni enamandla nasekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuntywila ukuthola isisulu esingaba khona, izinkozi zifinyelela ngesivinini sama-350 km / h.
3. Lokhu kuzwakala kuhlekisa ngandlela thile, kepha ukhozi olusagolide lubhekwa njengokhozi olukhulu kunawo wonke. Eqinisweni, akukho ukuphikisana lapha. Igama elithi "ukhozi olusagolide" lavela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, futhi le nyoni enkulu edla inyama ibizwa ngamagama afanayo emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukusuka eKazakhstan naseCentral Asia kuya eWales. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uKarl Linnaeus ekwazile ukuchaza ukhozi olusagolide maphakathi nekhulu le-18, futhi kwavela ukuthi le nyoni nezinkozi zingabomndeni ofanayo u-Aquila, igama lesidlakela esikhulu sase sinezimpande eziqinile kubantu abahlukahlukene.
4. Indlela yokuphila yezinkozi zegolide izinzile futhi iyabikezela. Kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-3-4 ubudala, abantu abasha benza uhambo olunzulu, kwesinye isikhathi bezulazula ngamakhulu amakhilomitha. Njengoba sezike zahambahamba, izinkozi zegolide zakha umndeni ozinzile, ohlala endaweni encane. Ebangeni elilodwa, akukho noyedwa wabancintisana naye, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinkozi zegolide, ozokwenza kahle. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa - uma abesilisa benesisindo esingaphezu kuka-5 kg, khona-ke abesifazane bangakhula bafike ku-7 kg. Lokhu, noma kunjalo, kuvamile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinkozi. Izimpiko zezinkozi zegolide zingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Umbono omuhle kakhulu, izidladla ezinamandla nomlomo kuvumela izinkozi zegolide ukuzingela ngempumelelo inyamazane enkulu, evame ukudlula isisindo somzingeli. Izinkozi zegolide zibhekana kalula nezimpisi, izimpungushe, izinyamazane nezinyoni ezinkulu.
5. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ubukhulu bokhozi buhlukanisiwe embusweni wezinyoni, ukhozi iKaffir kuphela, oluhlala eMiddle East nase-Afrika, oluwela ezinyonini eziyishumi ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi noma kunjalo kuphela engxenyeni yalo yesibili. Izindawo zokuqala bekuhlala izinkozi, amanqe kanye nezinkozi zegolide, ezibalwa ngokwehlukana nezinkozi.
UKaffir ukhozi
6. Unya lokuzikhethela kwemvelo lukhonjiswa uhlobo lwezinkozi olubizwa ngokuthi izinkozi ezinamachashaza. Ukhozi olunamachashazi avame ukubeka amaqanda amabili, kanti amaphuphu awaqhamuki ngasikhathi sinye - elesibili livamise ukukhishwa eqandeni emasontweni ayi-9 kamuva kunelokuqala. Uyinetha lokuphepha uma kwenzeka kufe umzalwane osekhulile. Ngakho-ke, izibulo, uma konke kuhamba kahle ngaye, limane lihlaba elincane bese limphonsa esidlekeni.
7. Inyoni eseSikhawini Sombuso saseMelika ibukeka njengokhozi, kepha empeleni ifana nezinkozi (zonke zingabomndeni woKlebe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhetha ukhozi ngamabomu - ngesikhathi kumenyezelwa inkululeko yamakoloni aseMelika, ukhozi lwaludume kakhulu kwizimpawu zombuso zamanye amazwe. Naba ababhali bezindaba futhi banquma ukuba ngabokuqala. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukhozi ekubukeni ngokubukeka. Umehluko omkhulu usendleleni yokudla. Izinkozi zithanda izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke zihlala emadwaleni nasemabhange emizimba yamanzi.
8. Indawo yokungcwaba ukhozi ibizwa kanjalo nhlobo ngenxa yokulutha kokuqukethwe amathuna. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala emathafeni noma ezifundeni eziwugwadule, lapho ukuphakama kwemvelo okulungele ukubuka izisulu ezingaba khona kuqinile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bebona izinkozi zihleli ezindundumeni zokungcwaba noma emangcwabeni e-adobe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba zifundwe ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, lezi zinyoni zazimane zibizwe ngokuthi izinkozi. Alikho igama elichemile kakhulu elenzelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo. Manje le nyoni iphakanyiswa ukuthi iqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi ukhozi lwasebukhosini noma lwelanga. Yize abanye ososayensi bekholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "indawo yokungcwaba" likhombisa ukusebenza kwalolu hlobo - izinyoni zibonakala zingcwaba izihlobo zazo ezifile emhlabathini.
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lubheka phansi kusuka phezulu
9. Cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseNingizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukhozi oludla amaqanda luyatholakala. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo (ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-80 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-1.5 m), lolu khozi luthanda ukungondli ngomdlalo kepha ngamaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wokudla kweqanda ukuvumela ukuthi kungachithi isikhathi ezintweni ezincane, kepha kudonsa izidleke ngokuphelele, kanye namaqanda namachwane asevele achanyuselwe.
10. Ukhozi lwe-pygmy luphansi ngosayizi kunezinye izinhlobo zokhozi, kodwa, noma kunjalo, luyinyoni enkulu impela - ubude bomzimba benyoni emaphakathi yalolu hlobo bucishe bube uhhafu wemitha, kanti amaphiko angaphezulu kwemitha. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkozi, ama-pygmy eagles ayahamba, ahamba nokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ezifundeni ezifudumele.
11. Izinkozi zakha izidleke ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezincane, ubukhulu besidleke budlula imitha eli-1, kubantu abakhulu, isidleke singaba ngamamitha ayi-2,5 ububanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “Isidleke Sokhozi” yisidlo sebele lenkukhu, utamatisi namazambane nendawo yokuhlala eyakhiwa eBavarian Alps ka-Eva Braun ngokuyalelwa ngu-Adolf Hitler. Futhi i- "Way of the Eagles 'Nests" iyindlela edumile yezivakashi ePoland. Izinqaba nemihume kudlala indima yezidleke zokhozi olungekho.
Isidleke sokhozi singathandeka ngosayizi
12. Cishe kuzo zonke izinkolo nezinkolo zasendulo, ukhozi lwaluyisibonakaliso selanga, noma uphawu lokukhonza isikhanyisi. Okuhlukile ngamaRoma asendulo, okuthi, ngisho nangokhozi, bonke bavale iJupiter nombani. Ngakho-ke, kwazalwa amabika angejwayelekile - ukhozi olundizela phezulu lubikezele inhlanhla nokuvikelwa konkulunkulu. Futhi ukhozi olundiza kancane kusamele luklanyelwe ukubona ...
13. Ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili luqale lwaba olunye lwezimpawu zokumemezela zaseRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaGrand Duke Ivan III (yena, njengombusi olandelayo waseRussia ngenombolo, wayebizwa nangokuthi "Owesabekayo"). UMbusi Omkhulu wayeshade nendodakazi yombusi waseByzantium uSophia Palaeologus, kanti ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili lwaluwuphawu lweByzantium. Kungenzeka, u-Ivan III kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukukholisa ama-boyars ukuthi amukele uphawu olusha - ukwenqaba kwabo noma yiziphi izinguquko kwaqhubeka eminye iminyaka engu-200, kwaze kwaba yilapho uPeter I eqala ukusika amakhanda nentshebe. Noma kunjalo, ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili lube ngolunye lwezimpawu ezigcwele zombuso waseRussia. Ngo-1882, isithombe sokhozi olunamakhanda amabili olunezengezo eziningi saba yingubo esemthethweni yoMbuso WaseRussia. Kusukela ngo-1993, isithombe sokhozi esigangeni esibomvu besiyisigqoko esisemthethweni seRussia Federation.
Ingubo yezikhali zoMbuso WaseRussia (1882)
Ingubo yezikhali zeRussia Federation (1993)
14. Ukhozi luyisisekelo esiphakathi kwamajazi ezingalo zamazwe angama-26 azimele kanye nezifundazwe eziningi (ezibandakanya izifunda ezi-5 zaseRussia) nezindawo ezincike kuzo. Futhi isiko lokusebenzisa umfanekiso wokhozi ekumemezeleni lisukela ezikhathini zombuso wamaHeti (II millennium BC).
15. Ezinye izinkozi, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ziyakwazi ukuzala lapho zithunjiwe. Ochwepheshe beZoo ZaseMoscow bathi izinkozi ezigcinwe embukisweni oyinhloko wale ndawo yokugcina izilwane zazingakwazi ukuqandusela amaqanda kuphela ngenxa yokuncintisana nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ezigcinwe endaweni efanayo. Lapho kuphela izinkozi ezazisele endlini yezinyoni, zaqala ukuzala. Ikakhulu, ngoMeyi 20, 2018, kwazalwa inkukhu e-zoo, eyabizwa ngegama elithi "Igor Akinfeev" ngobusuku obandulela iNdebe Yomhlaba. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe unozinti weqembu lesizwe laseRussia wayazi yini ngale nhlonipho, kepha empumelelweni yeqembu emqhudelwaneni wezwe lasekhaya, wadlala indima yokhozi olungesabi.
16. Emaphoyiseni aseDashi kwakukhona uphiko olwaluhlome ngezinkozi, ngaphezu kwezinto ezijwayelekile zamaphoyisa. Amaphoyisa aseDashi ayefuna ukusebenzisa izinyoni ukulwa nama-drones. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi okhozini, ama-drones kwakufanele abe yizinyoni ezingakaze zibonwe, ahlasele ngesankahlu indawo yawo yokuhlala ngakho-ke abhujiswe. Kusale nje ukufundisa izinyoni ukuhlasela ama-drones ukuze zingazilimazi ophephela. Ngemuva konyaka wokuqeqeshwa, ukukhonjiswa kanye nokwethulwa kwamavidiyo, kuphethwe ukuthi izinkozi azikwazi ukuphoqwa ukwenza umsebenzi ezazenzelwe wona.
Konke kubukeka kukuhle ekwethulweni kwezinkozi zomthetho.
17. Igama "Ukhozi" lisetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-toponymy. ERussia, isikhungo sesifunda siqanjwa ngokuthi i-Orel. Ngokwenganekwane esemthethweni, izithunywa zika-Ivan the Terrible, ezafika zathola idolobha, okokuqala zagawula isihlahla se-oki esasineminyaka eyikhulu saphazamisa isidleke sokhozi olwalubusa indawo ezungezile. Umnikazi wandiza, washiya igama lomuzi wakusasa. Ngaphezu kwedolobha, amadolobhana, iziteshi zezitimela, amadolobhana namapulazi aqanjwe ngegama lenyoni yasebukhosini. Igama lingatholakala kumamephu e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan naseBelarus. Uhlobo lwesiNgisi lwegama "Ukhozi" namagama ezindawo asuselwe kulo nawo ayathandwa, ikakhulukazi e-United States. Imikhumbi yempi nezinye izimoto zivame ukubizwa nge- "Eagles".
18. Ukhozi luyingxenye ebalulekile yenganekwane ye-Prometheus. Ngenkathi uHephaestus, ngokuyalelwa nguZeus, ebophela uPetetheus edwaleni njengesijeziso somlilo owebiwe, bekungokhozi olukhethekile lweminyaka engama-30,000 (ngokusho kwezinye izinganekwane) iminyaka engama-30,000 ekhipha isibindi esikhula njalo ku-Prometheus. Akuyona imininingwane ethandwa kakhulu yinsumansumane ye-Prometheus ukujeziswa kwabantu abathatha umlilo wokuqala - ngoba uZeus ubanikeze ngowesifazane wokuqala, uPandora, owadedela ukwesaba, usizi nokuhlupheka emhlabeni.
19. Cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni, izinkozi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kepha uma izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezinyoni zanyamalala zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngenxa yomthelela oqondile womuntu, khona-ke emakhulwini eminyaka adlule abantu bebenethonya ngokungaqondile ukunyamalala kwezinkozi. Njenganoma isiphi isilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye, ukhozi ludinga indawo enosayizi omkhulu ukuze luphile. Noma ikuphi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, imigwaqo noma izintambo zikagesi kuzonciphisa noma kukhawulele indawo efanele izinkozi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezibucayi zokugcina izindawo ezinjalo, konke ukuvinjelwa ekuzingeleni nasezinyathelweni ezifanayo kuhlala kuyize. Ngezinga elincane, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okungenakulungiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
20. Ukhozi lungaphezulu kwephiramidi yokudla noma isixhumanisi sokugcina esisexukwini lokudla. Angadla - futhi asebenzise, uma kunesidingo - ngokoqobo konke, kepha yena uqobo akayona ukudla kwanoma ngubani. Eminyakeni elambile, izinkozi nazo zidla ukudla kwezitshalo, kukhona nezinhlobo zazo okuba ngezinye izikhathi okuyizona eziyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, akekho noyedwa owake wabona ukuthi izinkozi zidla izidumbu noma izidumbu zezilwane ezingenazimpawu zokubola.
