USeneca uphinde wathi ukube bekusele indawo eyodwa kuphela eMhlabeni lapho bezobona khona izinkanyezi, bonke abantu bazolwela ukuya kule ndawo. Noma ubuncane bomcabango, ungabhala izibalo namacebo aphelele ezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene ezivela ezinkanyezini ezikhazimulayo. Ukuphelela kuleli khono kufinyelelwe ababhula ngezinkanyezi, abaxhume izinkanyezi hhayi komunye nomunye kuphela, kodwa futhi babona ukuxhumana kwezinkanyezi nemicimbi yasemhlabeni.
Ngisho nangaphandle kokuthola ukunambitheka kobuciko futhi ungavumeli imibono yezinkolelo zobuqili, kunzima ukungavumi ukuthandeka kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zibani ezincane empeleni zingaba yizinto ezinkulu noma ziqukethe izinkanyezi ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ezinye zezinkanyezi ezibonakalayo kungenzeka zingabe zisaba khona - phela sibona ukukhanya okukhishwa ezinye izinkanyezi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule. Futhi-ke, ngamunye wethu, ephakamisa amakhanda akhe esibhakabhakeni, okungenani kanye, futhi wacabanga: kuthiwani uma ezinye zalezi zinkanyezi zinezidalwa ezifana nathi?
1. Emini, izinkanyezi azibonakali ebusweni bomhlaba, hhayi ngoba iLanga likhanya - emkhathini, ngemuva kwesibhakabhaka esimnyama ngokuphelele, izinkanyezi zibonakala kahle ngisho naseLangeni. Umkhathi okhanyiswe yilanga uphazamisa ukubona izinkanyezi ezivela eMhlabeni.
2. Izindaba zokuthi ngesikhathi sasemini izinkanyezi zingabonakala emthonjeni ojule ngokwanele noma phansi koshimula ophakeme kungukucabanga kokungenzi lutho. Kokubili okuvela emthonjeni nasepayipini, kubonakala kuphela indawo ekhanyayo yesibhakabhaka. Okuwukuphela kweshubhu ongabona izinkanyezi ngalo emini isibonakude. Ngaphezu kweLanga neNyanga, emini esibhakabhakeni ungabona iVenus (bese udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi ungabheka kuphi), iJupiter (imininingwane ngokubonwa iphikisana kakhulu) noSirius (ophakeme kakhulu ezintabeni).
3. Ukucwayiza kwezinkanyezi nakho kuwumphumela womkhathi, ongakaze ube khona, noma ngabe kunesimo sezulu esingenamoya. Emkhathini, izinkanyezi zikhanya ngokukhanya okuyisidina.
4. Isilinganiso samabanga we-cosmic singakhonjiswa ngezinombolo, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukukubona ngeso lengqondo. Iyunithi ubuncane bebanga elisetshenziswa ososayensi, okuthiwa. iyunithi yezinkanyezi (cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-150), ukugcina isikali, kungamelwa ngokulandelayo. Ekhoneni elilodwa lomugqa wangaphambili wenkundla yethenisi, udinga ukubeka ibhola (lizodlala indawo yeLanga), futhi kwelinye - ibhola elinobubanzi obungu-1 mm (lokhu kuzoba nguMhlaba). Ibhola lethenisi lesibili, elikhombisa u-Proxima Centauri, inkanyezi esiseduzane kithina, kuzodingeka libekwe cishe ngama-250,000 km ukusuka enkantolo.
5. Izinkanyezi ezintathu eziqhakazile eMhlabeni zingabonakala kuphela eningizimu yezwe. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu endaweni yethu, i-Arcturus, ithatha indawo yesine kuphela. Kepha kwezilishumi eziphezulu, izinkanyezi zitholakala ngokulinganayo: ezinhlanu zisenyakatho yezwe, ezinhlanu eningizimu.
6. Cishe uhhafu wezinkanyezi ezibonwe izazi zezinkanyezi yizinkanyezi kanambambili. Zivame ukuvezwa futhi zethulwe njengezinkanyezi ezimbili ezibekwe eduze, kepha le yindlela elula. Izingxenye zenkanyezi kanambambili zingaba kude kakhulu. Isimo esiyinhloko ukujikeleza ezungeze isikhungo esivamile sobunzima.
7. Isisho esidala sokuthi omkhulu ubonwa buqamama asisebenzi esibhakabhakeni esigcwele izinkanyezi: izinkanyezi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwa ngesayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje, i-UY Shield, zingabonakala kuphela ngesibonakude. Uma ubeka le nkanyezi esikhundleni seLanga, ibizongena esikhungweni sonke sesistimu elanga kuze kufike ekuzungezeni kweSaturn.
8. Usinda kakhulu futhi futhi ogqame kunazo zonke ezinkanyezini ezifundwe ngu-R136a1. Futhi ayikwazi ukubonwa ngamehlo, yize ingabonakala eduze nenkabazwe ngesibonakude esincane. Le nkanyezi itholakala ku-Large Magellanic Cloud. I-R136a1 isinda izikhathi ezingama-315 kuneLanga. Futhi ukukhanya kwalo kudlula okukodwa kwelanga izikhathi eziyizi-8 700,000. Ngesikhathi sokubuka, iPolyarnaya yagqama kakhulu (ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, izikhathi ezingama-2,5).
9. Ngo-2009, lisebenzisa iHubble Telescope, iqembu lamazwe omhlaba lezazi zezinkanyezi lathola okuthile eBhungane Nebula ngamazinga okushisa angaphezu kwamazinga angama-200,000. Inkanyezi uqobo, ebisenkabeni ye-nebula, ibingabonakali. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kungumgogodla wenkanyezi eqhume, egcine izinga layo lokushisa langempela, kanti iBhungane Nebula uqobo lwayo ngamagobolondo alo asakazeka ngaphandle.
10. Izinga lokushisa lenkanyezi ebanda kakhulu ngama-degree angama-2,700. Le nkanyezi ingumhlana omhlophe. Ungena ohlelweni nenye inkanyezi, eshisayo futhi ekhanyayo kuneqabane lakhe. Izinga lokushisa lenkanyezi ebanda kakhulu libalwa “esihlokweni sophaphe” - ososayensi abakakwazanga ukubona inkanyezi noma ukuthola isithombe sayo. Uhlelo lwaziwa ukuthi lutholakala eminyakeni elula engama-900 ukusuka eMhlabeni ku-constellation Aquarius.
I-Constellation aquarius
11. INkanyezi yaseNyakatho ayikhanyi nakancane. Ngokusho kwalesi sibonakaliso, kufakwe kuphela ezinkanyezini eziyisihlanu ezibonakalayo. Udumo lwakhe lubangelwa ukuthi empeleni akashintshi isikhundla sakhe esibhakabhakeni. INorth Star inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-46 kuneLanga nezikhathi ezingama-2 500 icwebezela kunenkanyezi yethu.
12. Ezincazelweni zesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi, kusetshenziswa izinombolo ezinkulu kakhulu, noma ngokuvamile kushiwo ngokungapheli kwenani lezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni. Uma ngokombono wesayensi, le ndlela ayiphakamisi imibuzo, khona-ke empilweni yansuku zonke konke kwehlukile. Inani eliphakeme lezinkanyezi umuntu onombono ojwayelekile alibonayo alidluli ku-3 000. Futhi lokhu kusesimweni esihle - ebumnyameni obuphelele nasesibhakabhakeni esicwebile. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinkanyezi eziyinkulungwane nengxenye zingabalwa.
13. Insimbi yezinkanyezi ayikona neze okuqukethwe yizinsimbi kuzo. Lokhu okuqukethwe kwezinto kuzo kusinda kune-helium. Ilanga linensimbi engu-1.3%, kanti inkanyezi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Algeniba ingu-34%. Inkanyezi eyinsimbi eyengeziwe, isondela kakhulu ekupheleni kwempilo yayo.
14. Zonke izinkanyezi esizibona esibhakabhakeni zingezeminye imithala emithathu: iMilky Way yethu neTriangulum neAndromeda galaxies. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezinkanyezini ezibonakalayo ngeso lenyama. Kwakungenxa yesibonakude i-Hubble kuphela lapho kwenzeka khona ukubona izinkanyezi ezitholakala kweminye imithala.
15. Ungahlanganisi imithala nemilaza. I-Constellation ingumqondo obukwayo. Izinkanyezi esizinikeza ngomlaza ofanayo zingatholakala kwizigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya zisuka komunye nomunye. Imithala ifana neziqhingi - izinkanyezi ezikubo zisondelene kakhulu.
Izinkanyezi zehluke kakhulu, kodwa zehluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali. Zakhiwa kakhulu i-hydrogen (cishe 3/4) ne-helium (cishe 1/4). Ngokukhula, i-helium ekwakhiweni kwenkanyezi iba ngaphezulu, i-hydrogen - incane. Zonke ezinye izinto zivame ukubalwa ngaphansi kuka-1% wesisindo senkanyezi.
17. Isisho ngomzingeli ofuna ukwazi ukuthi i-pheasant ihleli kuphi, esungulwe ngekhanda ukulandelana kwemibala ku-spectrum, singasebenza nasezingeni lokushisa kwezinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi ezibomvu zibanda kakhulu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zishisa kakhulu.
18. Ngaphandle kokuthi amabalazwe okuqala wesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi ayesesenkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC. e., imingcele ecacile yomlaza yathola kuphela ngo-1935 ngemuva kwengxoxo eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nesigamu. Kunamaqoqo ezinkanyezi angama-88 esewonke.
19. Ngokunemba okuhle kungaphikiswa ukuthi lapho igama elithi “utilitarian” landa ngokwengeziwe igama lomlaza, lichazwa kamuva. Abasendulo babiza izinkanyezi ngamagama onkulunkulu noma onkulunkulukazi, noma banikeza amagama ezinkondlo ezinkambisweni zezinkanyezi. Amagama amanje alula: izinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwe-Antarctica, ngokwesibonelo, zahlanganiswa kalula zaba yi-Clock, iCompass, iCompass, njll.
20. Izinkanyezi ziyingxenye edumile yamafulegi wombuso. Esikhathini esiningi bakhona kumafulegi njengomhlobiso, kepha kwesinye isikhathi banesizinda sezinkanyezi. Amafulegi ase-Australia naseNew Zealand afaka umlaza i-Southern Cross, okhanya kakhulu eningizimu Nenkabazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNew Zealand Southern Cross inezinkanyezi ezi-4, kanti i-Australia - yezinhlanu. ISouthern Cross enezinkanyezi ezinhlanu iyingxenye yefulegi lasePapua New Guinea. Abantu baseBrazil baqhubekela phambili kakhulu - ifulege labo libonisa isiqephu sesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi phezu kwedolobha laseRio de Janeiro njengamahora ayi-9 imizuzu engama-22 imizuzwana engama-43 ngoNovemba 15, 1889 - isikhathi lapho kumenyezelwa inkululeko yezwe.
