UFranz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) - Umqambi wase-Austria, ongomunye wabasunguli bezithandani emculweni, umbhali wezingoma ezingaba ngu-600 zamaphimbo, ama-symphony ayi-9, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yasekamelweni nopiyano.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Schubert's biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaFranz Schubert.
Schubert biography
UFranz Schubert wazalwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1797 eVienna, inhlokodolobha yase-Austria. Wakhulela emndenini olula onemali encane.
Ubaba wakhe, uFranz Theodor, wayefundisa kulesi sikole, futhi umama wakhe, u-Elisabeth, wayengumpheki. Umndeni wakwaSchubert ubunezingane eziyi-14, ezingu-9 kuzo zashona ziseyizinsana.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ithalente lomculo likaSchubert laqala ukuzibonakalisa esemncane. Othisha bakhe bokuqala kwakungubaba wakhe, owayedlala i-violin, nomfowabo u-Ignaz, owayekwazi ukudlala upiyano.
Lapho uFranz eneminyaka engu-6, abazali bakhe bamthumela esikoleni samarishi. Ngemuva konyaka, waqala ukufundela ukucula nokudlala isitho somzimba. Umfana wayenezwi elimnandi, okwathi kamuva wamukelwa ngu "mfana oculayo" esontweni lendawo, futhi wabhalisa esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso, lapho enza khona abangane abaningi.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1810-1813. Ithalente likaSchubert njengomqambi livukile. Ubhale i-symphony, i-opera nezingoma ezahlukahlukene.
Izifundo ezinzima kakhulu kule nsizwa kwakuyizibalo nesiLatini. Kodwa-ke, akekho owayengabaza ithalente lakhe lomculo. Ngo-1808 uSchubert wamenyelwa ekhwayeni yasebukhosini.
Lapho umuntu wase-Austrian eneminyaka engaba ngu-13, wabhala ucezu lwakhe lokuqala lomculo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Antonio Salieri waqala ukumfundisa. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uSalieri wavuma ukunikeza uFranz izifundo ngokuphelele, ngoba wabona ithalente kuye.
Umculo
Lapho izwi likaSchubert liqala ukudabuka ngesikhathi esemusha, kwadingeka ashiye ikhwaya. Ngemuva kwalokho wangena esikoleni sobufundisi sothisha. Ngo-1814 wathola umsebenzi esikoleni, efundisa izinhlamvu zamagama kubafundi bamabanga aphansi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies uFranz Schubert aqhubeka nokuqamba imisebenzi yomculo, kanye nokutadisha umsebenzi kaMozart, Beethoven noGluck. Ngokushesha wabona ukuthi ukusebenza esikoleni kwakuyinto ejwayelekile kuye, ngenxa yalokho wanquma ukuyeka ngo-1818.
Lapho eneminyaka engama-20, uSchubert wabhala okungenani ama-symphony ama-5, ama-sonata ayi-7 nezingoma ezingaba ngu-300. Wakha imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko “ubusuku nemini”. Imvamisa umqambi wezithombe wayevuka ezinzulwini zobusuku aqophe umculo awuzwa ebuthongweni.
UFranz wayevame ukuya ezihlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zomculo, eziningi zazo ezazenzeka ekhaya lakhe. Ngo-1816, wayefuna ukuthola umsebenzi wokuba ngumqhubi eLaibach, kodwa wenqatshwa.
Ngokushesha kwenzeka umcimbi omkhulu kumlando ka-Schubert. Uhlangane ne-baritone edumile uJohann Fogal. Izingoma zakhe ezenziwe nguVogl zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu emphakathini ophakeme.
UFranz wabhala imisebenzi eminingi yezithonjana, kufaka phakathi i- "The Forest Tsar" ne- "Erlafsee". USchubert wayenabangani abacebile ababewuthanda umsebenzi wakhe futhi ababemnikeza usizo lwezezimali ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, le ndoda ayizange ibe nengcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo. I-opera Alfonso ne-Estrella, uFranz ayithandayo, yenqatshwa. Lokhu kwaholela ezinkingeni zezezimali. Ngo-1822 waqala ukuba nezinkinga zempilo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uSchubert wathuthela eZheliz, lapho ahlala khona efeni lika-Count Johannes Esterhazy. Lapho wafundisa amadodakazi akhe umculo. Ngo-1823 lo mlisa wakhethwa waba yilungu elihloniphekile leStyrian neLinz Musical Unions.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi wethula umjikelezo wengoma yakhe ethi "The Beautiful Miller Woman", ngokususelwa emazwini kaWilhelm Müller. Wabe esebhala omunye umjikelezo, "Winter Road", owawuthanyelwe ngamanothi angenathemba.
Ababhali bezincwadi zikaSchubert bathi ngenxa yobumpofu, wayephoqwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba alale ubusuku obusezitolo. Kodwa-ke, nalapho waqhubeka nokuqamba imisebenzi. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wayeswele kakhulu, kepha wayenamahloni okucela usizo kubangani.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi entwasahlobo ka-1828 umculi wanikeza ikhonsathi yomphakathi kuphela, eyayiyimpumelelo enkulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
USchubert wayehlukaniswa ngobumnene namahloni. Isimo semali esincane somqambi simvimbele ukuthi aqale umndeni, ngoba intombazane ayethandana nayo yakhetha ukushada nendoda ecebile.
Othandekayo kaFranz wayebizwa ngoTeresa Gorb. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le ntombazane yayingabizwa ngobuhle. Wayenezinwele ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo nobuso obuphaphathekile neminonjana yengxibongo.
Kodwa-ke, uSchubert wanaka kakhulu ukubukeka kukaTeresa, kodwa nokuthi wayilalela kanjani ngokucophelela imisebenzi yakhe yomculo. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, ubuso bentombazane baba buhle, futhi amehlo akhe akhipha injabulo ngokoqobo. Kepha njengoba uGorb akhule engenaye ubaba, leli sudi lancenga indodakazi yakhe ukuthi ibe yinkosikazi yompheki ocebile khekhe.
Ngokwamahlebezi, ngo-1822 uFranz wangenwa ugcunsula, okwabe sekucatshangwa ukuthi awunakulapheka. Kulokhu kungacatshangwa ukuthi usebenzise izinsizakalo zezifebe.
Ukufa
UFranz Schubert ushone ngoNovemba 19, 1828 eneminyaka engama-31 ngemuva komkhuhlane wamasonto amabili obangelwe ngumkhuhlane we-typhoid. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseWehring, lapho isithombe sakhe uBeethoven esanda kungcwatshwa khona.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-symphony enkulu yomqambi ku-C enkulu yatholwa eminyakeni eyi-10 kuphela ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhalo yesandla eminingi engashicilelwe yasala ngemuva kokufa kwakhe. Isikhathi eside akekho owaziyo ukuthi bangabakwaPeni womqambi wase-Austria.
Izithombe ze-Schubert
